Indeed, the lack of successful and effective leadership style of secondary school principals in the province of Sindh, particularly in Karachi has resulted poor performance and low students achievement. Therefore, the basic purpose of the study was to examine the leadership styles of the principals in secondary schools of Karachi. The scope of the study was limited to all the secondary schools of Karachi. Seven hypotheses were formulated for the study. Among these, six hypotheses were based on the demographic variables consisted on sex, status of schools, professional qualification, experience, age and marital status. The seventh hypothesis was related to item-by item analysis of the questionnaire on the thirty dimensions of the leadership styles. The population of the study was large and diverse, thus stratified random sampling was used. The total sample size consisted of 300 teachers and 100 principals from 100 schools. Two research instruments, a self-made questionnaire of 30 items and an interview protocol of 4 broad questions were used. In views of the principals, only one hypothesis out of six was rejected and five were upheld. It was concluded, (2) that private secondary school principals were more significant in the effectiveness of school organization than the government school principals. Though, in hypothesis number (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6), no significant differences were found between the leadership styles of male and female, trained and untrained, experienced and less experienced, younger and older, and married and unmarried secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. In views of the teachers, four hypotheses out of six were rejected and two were upheld. It was concluded that in hypothesis number (1), it was found that the leadership styles of female secondary school principals were more superior to male principals in the effectiveness of school organization, (2) private secondary school principals were more superior to government secondary school principals, (3) trained secondary school principals were more superior to untrained secondary school principals and (5) younger secondary school principals were more superior to older secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. Though, in hypothesis number (4) and (6), no significant difference was found between the leadership styles of experienced and less experienced and married and unmarried secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. The collected data was analyzed through the ‘t’ test and ‘chi square’. In the light of the findings, several solid recommendations were made.
This study aims to determine the effect of modifying factors, perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, perceived barriers and encouragement to prevent occupational contact dermatitis on beauty salon employees in Kendari City. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study approach using an explanative survey research design with a sample size of 100 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive random sampling. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS program and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between modifying factors on perceptions of seriousness and barriers, on perceptions of vulnerability, there is a significant influence between perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, barriers, encouragement on the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis.
In this dissertation, the concerned study of the research dealts with various types of the boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. Almost for all kinds of arbitrary order differential equations, this study emphasize on existence theory, various aspect of Ulam stability, lower and upper solutions, iterative schemes and analytical methods of perturbation. We have developed strong sufficient conditions for the uniqueness and existence of upper and lower solutions for the fractional differential equations, with the help of classical fixed point theorem and monotone iterative method. A strong attention has also been given to the numerical solution of fractional differential equations and frac tional partial differential equations. In this regard, some powerful and an efficient numerical techniques have been established for the approximate solutions of both linear and nonlinear fractional order differential equations. One of them, an established technique is based on monotone sequence and one of them from pertubation method is based on homotopy defini tion and an known deformation equation to obtain the solutions in the form of convergent series. Both the methods are interesting and efficient for solving nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. In pertubation method, we have developed a new method for FPDEs which is known as Optimal Homotopy asysmptotic method OHAM based on homotopy def inition and an known deformation equation. With the help of afore mentioned techniques and methods, we solved both linear and nonlinear ordinary as well as partial fractional order differential equations. We considered some fractional order differential equations for illustrative purposes and numerical approximations of their solutions are tabulated and plotted via MATLAB softwares. The numerical results obtained via aforesaid techniques, are compared with other standard techniques. Which shows, that how these techniques are more effective and reliable, than the standard ordinary differential equations solvers.