113. Al-Falaq/The Daybreak
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
113:01
a. Say:
b. I seek protection and safety against all evils with Rabb - The Lord of the Daybreak:
113:02
a. against the evil/harm and viciousness of what HE has created,
113:03
a. and against the evil/harm and viciousness of the darkness when it looms - overspreads and
intensifies,
113:04
a. and against the evil/harm and viciousness of those who practice magic by blowing on knots.
113:05
and against the evil/harm and viciousness of the envier and the rival whenever he envies and rivalry with grudge.
Twriyah in a speech or word contains multiple meanings having different interpretations of its primary meaning. This article represents the linguistic and connotative concept of Twriyah and T’ryd in the light of Qur’an, hadith, Sirat, the views of various jurists. By analytical study of the available literature it is concluded that there is difference between using Twriyah and Falsification. There are several rules which regulate the use of Twriyah in special circumstances. All Messengers of Allah have never give false statements in any case, however they often used Twriyah in their statements. This article elaborated the various meanings and situations of Twryh in the light of Islamic teachings.
In this thesis, we study the T-transitive family of cardinality-based fuzzy similarity and inclusion measures and obtain the necessary and su cient parametric conditions to characterize the T-transitive members of the parametric family of the cardinality based similarity measure. Firstly, In crisp logic every object is similar to itself with degree of reflexivity 1, while the degree of reflexivity in fuzzy logic can be any value in the unit interval, (0; 1]. This behaviour of a fuzzy set is used to enlighten the concept of similarity and inclusion measures and discovering the relations between the parameters of the transitive members of a family of cardinality-based fuzzy measure. We present meta-theorems stating general conditions ensuring that certain inequalities for cardinalities of ordinary sets are preserved under fuzzification, when adopting a scalar approach to fuzzy set cardinality. The conditions pertain to the commutative conjunctor used for modelling fuzzy set intersection. In particular, this conjunctor should fulfil a number of Bell-type inequalities. The advantage of these meta-theorems is that repetitious calculations can be avoided. This is illustrated in the demonstration of the Łukasiewicz transitivity of fuzzified versions of the simple matching coe cient and the Jaccard coe cient, or equivalently, the triangle inequality of the corresponding dissimilarity measures. Finally, a new class of rational cardinality-based similarity measure using multiplication of cardinalities is introduced and discussed the monotonicity, boundary conditions and transitivity.