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Design Features of Monolingual Urdu Pedagogical Dictionary for Advanced Learners of Urdu Language

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Ashraf, Asma

Program

PhD

Institute

Bahauddin Zakariya University

City

Multan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1916/1/2231S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724593737

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Design Features of Monolingual Urdu Pedagogical Dictionary For Advanced Learners of Urdu Language The lexicographic tradition in Monolingual Urdu Dictionaries is very old but the implications of modern postulates of lexicography are not evident in compiling Urdu monolingual dictionaries. The present study deals with a description of design features of a pedagogical monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for the advanced learners of Urdu on the tradition set by the COBUILD dictionary. Basically the study looks at three perspectives: the opinions of the user (learners and teachers of Urdu) of monolingual Urdu dictionaries, assessing the possibilities of collecting a database or corpus of Urdu as a basis of a monolingual advanced learners’ dictionary of Urdu and design features of a pedagogical Urdu monolingual advanced learners’ dictionary. The study is descriptive. The data regarding the opinions of the learners and teachers of Urdu was collected through a questionnaire. The theoretical framework was based on the questionnaire based studies conducted by Diab (1998) and Iqbal (1987). The responses collected from the teachers and learners of Urdu were statistically analyzed by securing the mean score against each statement. The second perspective of the study was to see how far it is possible to collect a corpus of Urdu as a basis of a monolingual learners’ dictionary of Urdu. A number of studies (The EMILLE Project 2004, Becker & Riaz 2002, Anwer, Wang & Wang 2006, Hussain & Ijaz 2008, Hussain 2008, Chohan & Bukhari 2009) have been reported in the area of Urdu corpus. CRULP (Center of Research in Urdu Language Processing) collected a corpus of 19 million words which is used to design an Urdu-English dictionary. These studies maintain that there is a great potential as far as the collection of a corpus is concerned. The third and the central concern of the study is to design the features of a pedagogical monolingual learners’ dictionary for advanced learners of Urdu language and for this purpose the design features of the COBUILD dictionary were taken as model. This choice is made on the grounds that this dictionary is meant both for teachers and students; it bears some unique features in its design and has got the appraisal of many critics (see Boguraev 1990, Aarts & Meijs 1990, Krishnamurthy 2002, 2001). Moreover the results drawn from the above mentioned surveys of both the learners and teachers of Urdu also provided insights to determine the essential features of a pedagogical monolingual learners’ dictionary for the advanced learners of Urdu. The results concluded that there is a great need to design a monolingual learners’ dictionary for advanced learners of Urdu and the compiling a corpus based monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for advanced learners will bring innovative changes in learning and teaching of Urdu and lexicographic tradition of Urdu. Finally, the design features of a pedagogical monolingual Urdu dictionary for the advanced learners of Urdu were established. These features were based on these aspects: the possibility of the application of the method adopted in the COBUILD and the possibility of collection the corpus of Urdu and the availability of the technical and technological needs while collecting the corpus of Urdu. The study concluded that greater possibilities are there to collect a corpus of Urdu and the selected model of COBUILD dictionary can also b applied on a corpus based monolingual Urdu dictionary for advanced learners of Urdu.
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دل میں ایسا درد اٹھا ہے

دل میں ایسا درد اُٹھا ہے
سارا منظر چیخ رہا ہے

اُس کی یاد ہے دل سے گزری
دل میں کیا کیا شور مچا ہے

میری بات نہ مانے گا وہ
مجھ کو اُس کا خوب پتا ہے

دل اندر غم کی شدّت سے
خون کا اِک دریا بہتا ہے

یاد کے بوٹے سوکھ نہ جائیں
دل دریا پانی دیتا ہے

دل کی باتیں وہ کیا جانے
اُس کا دل تو پتھّر کا ہے

دل پر درد کا پتھّر رکھ کر
مجھ کو اُس جیسا بننا ہے

درد سے دل یہ بیٹھ نہ جائے
اب مجھ کو یہ ڈر لگتا ہے

جھوٹ تو بول نہیں سکتا میں
صادقؔ کا مطلب سچّا ہے

احادیث کی روشنی میں عصر حاضر کے چند اہم مالی معاملات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam is a global religion and has provided a comprehensive code of life applicable in every age. Economy is one of its foremost priorities and gives basic principles to its followers to exercise a legal and favorable mean of earning. In Islamic economic system there are many ways and sources that have been prohibited or have not been recommended. As in our daily life we face those modes of financing, so in this article they have been comparatively analyzed in light of the sayings of the Prophet (S.A.W) in order to explore its legitimacy.

The Construction of Femininities in the Discourse of Pakistani Womens Magzines

The present research aims at analyzing the kinds of ideology and / or femininity offered in two Pakistani women’s magazines (KHAWATEEN DIGEST and SHE MAGAZINE) through Feminist Research Methods. The primary objective of this work is to deconstruct the discourses of these women’s magazines as linguistic and semiotic constructs which represent femininity in specific ways through socially constructed ideals. This study is stimulated by the researcher’s project of M. Phil thesis (2003) entitled ‘A Study in the Discourse of Advertising,’ in which the advertisements in the two English magazines (MAG and SHE) were dominated by the female images. Moreover, these advertisements were not only exploiting the language but also sexualizing women to achieve their political aims. The present study is a comparative analysis of the femininities constructed in the Pakistani women’s magazines. The area and the scope of the research has been broadened by including the complete text of the two women’s magazines (one Urdu, KHAWATEEN DIGEST and the one English, SHE MAGAZINE).The choice of English and Urdu magazines provided an interesting, rich and varied data, as different world views, ideologies and cultural beliefs about femininities are encoded in languages differently. This dissertation will also find out the impact of the discourses presented in these two magazines on the readers. To investigate the difference in the impact of the discourses presented in these two magazines the researcher selected the method of purposive sampling. Two questionnaires (one for each magazine under study) were constructed for the population of four different age groups: from 18 to 28, from 29 to 39, from 40 to 50 and from 51 to 60 years. These questionnaires measured the educational, marital and social statuses of the population and consisted of twenty items each. For close-ended items of the questionnaires, data were analyzed quantitatively by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), whereas a quantitative analysis of the open-ended items was made by reviewing the responses through Feminist Research Methods mainly. In order to uncover the ways in which the linguistic and semiotic codes are manipulated for the construction and dissemination of the ideologies about femininities in the discourses of both the magazines, the specific portions of the contents of these magazines were analyzed qualitatively by following Feminist Research Methods. The findings indicated that the age, educational, marital and social statuses of the readers were significantly affecting the readership. The element of escapism from the world of reality was more stressed by the readers of KHAWATEEN DIGEST and it was admitted that the escapism resulted in the feeling of relaxation, calm and relief. The English magazine on the other hand, was found to offer more entertainment and a large variety of ideas about everything related to women. The findings also revealed that both the magazines (KHAWATEEN DIGEST and SHE MAGAZINE) were constructing dissimilar ideologies about femininities for women to pursue: the Urdu magazine was offering very constrained sets of femininities based on traditional and patriarchal representations of female images whereas the English magazine was constructing the ideologies of modernity, glamour, independence and empowerment of women. This was an academic research and the investigator tried to observe the patterns of discourses in magazines and the readers’ involvement in them. This research can be augmented from different perspectives in future investigations. For instance, the research may inquire to establish the change in particular magazine over a period of time or it could also help in sensitizing and raising awareness among the academicians and the general public about this issue: the hidden assumptions about femininities in the discourses of Pakistani women magazines.