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Detection of Outlying Observations Using the Dixons Approach

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Manzoor, Sadaf

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Statistics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12085/1/Sadaf%20Manzoor%20Statistics%202010%20uni%20of%20peshwar%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724595822

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Extremely deviating outcomes, in the sample are termed as outliers, they give faulty measures and the results in wrong directioned conclusions. The backbone of this work is based on the study of outliers, categorized here into Static and Dynamic models. Concerning the ’Static Statistical Distributions’, a novel approach for normally distributed data had been developed by J. W. Dixon in 1950’s. The first half of the study uses the same idea by arranging the data set in ascending order for the particular cases where samples are comming out of either • Uniform distribution, or • Exponential distribution. For the procedure of hypothesis testing, the percentage points have been constructed separately for both distributions. Comming towards the second half, ’the Dynamic models’, main concern of the study is on Box and Jenkin’s model. Additive white noise in time discrete differential equation as a special case of ARMA(p, q) model has been considered. The special form of variancecovariance matrix enable us to develop a new procedure for the detection of outlier while working with Poisson Process. The likelihood estimation, originally proposed by Fox (1972) has been used with the assumption of known autoregressive parameters. Through the characteristic function, the distribution of the test has been evaluated. For unknown autoregressive parameters, Yule-Walker and Whittle estimation procedures have been discussed briefly. ’Kalman Filtering’ recursive method opens broader ways for the parameter estimation as well as for outlier detection. Some supporting practical examples for the new test have also been discussed.
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ارادھنا(کرونا وبا کے تناظر میں)

ارادھنا
(کرونا وبا کے تناظر میں)
آسمان سے بارش نازل ہوتی ہے
محبت کی نشانیوں کو دفن کرتے ہوئے!
صبح و شام کے معانیوںمیں!
لذت خواب کی تعبیر کو پیاسا تڑپتا چھوڑ دیتی ہے
اے محبت۔۔۔اے محبت۔۔۔!
میری رگوں میں رواں دواں۔۔۔اے محبت!
تو بھی دیکھ رہی ہے
دلفریب دھڑکنوں کا دشمن!
سبز درختوں کے سائے میں۔۔۔!
میرے خیموں کو جلانا چاہتا ہے
میری معصوم کلیوں کی لاشیں!
ویرانوں بیابانوں میں بکھری پڑی ہیں
میرے دو بیٹوں کے کٹے سر قصر ِعمارہ میں!
دھڑ ندی میں لمحوں کے ساتھ بہتے جا رہے ہیں

وصال مبیں کی وسعتوں میں!
مقام جمال کی رفعتوں میں!
سبز بہار کا دشمن۔۔۔!
خوشبو کے قبیلے کو برباد کر رہا ہے
اے محبت۔۔۔ میری پیاری سبز محبت!
تیری چادر تطہیر سے مس ہو کر!
عود و لوبان زندہ ہوتے ہیں۔۔انجیر و زیتون مسکراتی ہے
نیازِ الہام نامہ بروں میں تقسیم ہوتی ہے
فرشتے خود تیری دہلیز تک چلے آتے ہیں
اے محبت۔۔۔جمال شہابہ کی ردا، کساء محبت ۔۔۔!
دشمن نے ہواؤں میں زہر گھول کر!
ظہر اور عصر کے بیچ میرے بازو کاٹ دیے ہیں
گھونسلوں میں فرشتوں کو جلا دیا ہے
میں سورہ عشق کی تلاوت کر رہا ہوں
وہ میرا سر بھی کاٹنا چاہتا ہے
اے محبت۔۔۔ذرا صبر۔۔۔!
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