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Home > Determinants and Outcome of Smes Financing Patterns: Evidence from Saarc Countries

Determinants and Outcome of Smes Financing Patterns: Evidence from Saarc Countries

Thesis Info

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Author

Ullah, Asad

Program

PhD

Institute

Kohat University of Science and Technology

City

Kohat

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Management Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12146/1/asad%20ullah%20management%20sci%202019%20kust%20kohat%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724596080

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Small and Medium-Sized enterprises (SMEs) financing patterns are being debated. Academic discussion on financing patterns started with the theory presented by Miller and Modigliani (1958). The theory passed evolutionary stages and corporate financing behavior was observed but still there are nuances and literature is inconclusive about SMEs financing patterns. This study aims to investigate the determinants of financing patterns in the SMEs of SAARC countries. It further investigates the association between financing patterns and firm’s performance. Four objectives are focused in the study which are (i) To empirically investigate the role of different factors including ownership structure, firm’s legal status, financing constraints, and firm’s demographics in determining working capital financing patterns (ii) To investigate the role of different factors including ownership structure, firm’s legal status, financing constraints, and firm’s demographics in determining fixed asset financing patterns (iii) To investigate the role of working capital financing patterns in determining firm’s financial performance (iv) To investigate the role of fixed asset financing patterns in determining firm’s financial performance. To achieve objectives of the study two stage model is used and secondary data from World Bank enterprise survey website is acquired. First stage of the model is used to achieve the first two objective while second stage model is used to achieve the last two objectives. Moreover, Population of the study comprises SAARC countries SMEs whereas, sample frame consist of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. 6777 SMEs were sampled using Stratified random sampling technique. Results indicate that firm’s demographics including age, size, location and industry significantly determine working capital financing patterns. Ownership structure also affects working capital financing patterns. Among legal status variables sole proprietorship is the most significant determinant while deciding working capital financing patterns. Furthermore, firms with low financing constraint use more debt compared to those having no constraints while firms with high constraints use less external resources to finance working capital compared to those having no financial constraints. Firm’s demographics significantly determine fixed asset financing patterns. Among ownership structure variables only state owned have significant impact on financing patterns of fixed asset whereas, legal status variables seems less important. Firms with low financing constraints use more external finance for fixed asset financing compared to those having no financing constraints. Results of Second stage of the model depicts that financing working capital with banks increase sales growth while decrease with friends and family financing. Similarly, financing fixed asset with formal sources of finance increases sales growth. Keeping in view the results it is recommended that policy makers at country level should take corrective measures to facilitate SME’s owners because imperfections in capital markets bound SMEs to rely on banks and informal financing. Commercial Banks and micro finance institutes should also amend the loan approval process and other requirement to alleviate the hurdles face by SMEs while obtaining finance. Supply side barriers like higher transaction cost and limited branches of banks stop SMEs from obtaining loan. So, alleviating these problems might open new doors of growth and innovation for SMEs. In summary the determinants considered in the study play significant role in deciding working capital and fixed asset financing patterns in the given sample. Similarly the financing patterns determine firm’s performance.
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مولوی محمد مبین کیفیؔ چریا کوٹی

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دوسرا حادثہ مولوی محمدمبین صاحب کیفی چریا کوٹی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ ہندوستان کے قدیم نامور عالم اور مولانا شبلی کے استاد مولانا فاروق صاحب چریا کوٹی کے لڑکے تھے اور اس دور کے مشہور شاعر اور اہل قلم تھے، انھوں نے عربی کی تعلیم اپنے والد سے پائی تھی مگر شعر و ادب کی جانب رجحان زیادہ تھا، اس لیے اسی حیثیت سے زیادہ مشہور ہوئے، ایک زمانہ میں انھوں نے العلم کے نام سے ایک رسالہ بھی نکالا تھا، ان کا تعلق مختلف اداروں سے رہا، مگر طبیعت میں استقلال نہ تھا، اس لئے کوئی کام جم کر نہ کرسکے، آج سے دس پندرہ سال قبل ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الٰہ آباد سے ان کا تعلق تھا، اس زمانہ میں انھوں نے جواہر سخن کے نام سے چار ضخیم جلدوں میں اردو شعراء کا مسبوط تذکرہ مرتب کیا جو چھپ کر شائع ہوگیا ہے، اب کی سب سے بڑی علمی یادگار یہی ہے اس کے علاوہ متفرق مضامین ہوں گے، کچھ دنوں تک مسلم یونیورسٹی کے کسی شعبہ میں رہے تھے، آج کل اٹاوہ میں تھے کہ وہیں یکم اکتوبر کو انتقال کیا ان کی موت سے چریا کوٹ کے عباسی خاندان کی آخری علمی یادگار مٹ گئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۵۶ء)

Socio-Economic Conditions of Home-Based Working Women: A Qualitative Study in Hyderabad, Sindh

This research paper focuses on socio-economic conditions of home-based working women in Hyderabad Division, of Sindh Pakistan. Main objectives of this research are (i) to analyze the Socio-economic condition of home-based working women (ii) to assess the poverty and home-based work (iii) to find out the illiteracy and home-based work (iv) to investigate the role of handicrafts and home-based work in cultural and economic development (v) to unearth the Sindhi culture of handicrafts in Hyderabad Division. To achieve research objectives qualitative research approach is adopted and data is collected by four case studies in Hyderabad division. All cases are selected randomly and analyzed by using thematic analysis method. Present study concluded that researched area is rich in handicrafts business. Women engaged themselves in home-based work due to poverty, unemployment and poor financial conditions of their families. This business has very low profit but female preferred this work due less skills and education required to carry handicrafts business. Home-based workers felt empowered due to having their own income and took part in decision making. In last it is recommended for policy makers and government agencies to give priority to this business because it has potential. It is necessary for economic development of families, culture and country.

Investigation of Variables Affecting Kerf Width Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining

Wire-Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is one of the non-conventional machining processes for machining hard to machine electrically conductive materials. It has been increasingly used in industry owing to its distinct advantages over the other cutting technologies. The process can only be employed effectively when all its properties and complexities are well understood. In addition many aspects of this technology require to be fully explored in order to increase its capabilities and cutting performance. This thesis contains an extensive literature review and an experimental work on the investigations of various variables in Wire-EDM. It is a fact that the substantial amount of work has been carried out on Wire-EDM, but a very little research has been reported on the influence of the variables such as the work piece thickness and hardness on various machining responses such as surface roughness, kerf width and material removal rate. Accordingly a detailed experimental investigation is presented in this thesis to study the various cutting performance measures in Wire-EDM over a wide range of variables or process parameters including workpiece thickness and hardness. The influence of all these variables/ control factors/ process parameters on the major cutting performance measures in Wire-EDM have been comprehensively discussed and analyzed under two sets of experiments. In the first set of experiments, the influence of eight variables including thickness has been studied on the machining responses such as kerf width, surface roughness, and VIIDepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering material removal rate. The workpiece material used was Tungsten Carbide. Eight variables including thickness have been taken with three levels each to determine their influence on the machining responses. In this the Taguchi Orthogonal Array has been used to reduce the number of runs for meaningful results. Tungsten Carbide workpieces were machined and the requisite response variables were measured. Likewise, in the second set of experiments the same material was taken and hardened to obtain two levels of hardness. The workpiece hardness was taken instead of thickness with four other variables having two levels each. This was done to validate the results of first experiment and also to see the influence of hardness. In both the experiments, ANOVA was carried out after obtaining the responses to determine the significant factors for each response. The result was consistent with the available literature however new facts were discovered in the case of workpiece thickness and hardness. Workpiece thickness appeared to be significant in case of surface roughness only and hardness was found significant in all the three cases. Finally the optimization of the machining responses was carried out using S/N ratio as specified by Taguchi method for the purpose of research papers publications.