ایمان لانے کے بعد انسان پر سب سے پہلے عبادت کا ادا کرنا لازم ہے ہر مذہب میں عبادت کا ایک خاص طریقہ ہوتا ہے جو مخصوص طریقے کے ساتھ ادائیگی کا حکم دیا جاتا ہے اسی طرح اسلام میں بھی نماز، روزہ، حج اور زكوة عبادات کی مختلف طرق ہیں اصل عبادت کی غایت یہ ہے کہ معبود صرف اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ ہی کو ماننا ، صرف اسی کی عبادت کرنا ہر چیز میں اسی سے مدد طلب کرنا اسی کو حاجت روا اور مشکل کشا سمجھنا اسی کو مالک، خالق اور رب تسلیم کرنا اسی سے التجاء کرنا، ہر چیز کے لئے اسی کو پکارنا اور یہ یقین رکھنا کہ اللہ کے سوا کسی کے دائرہ اختیار میں کوئی چیز نہیں ہے اگر وہ نفع پہنچانا چاہے تو اسے کوئی روکنے والا نہیں ہے اور اگر ضرر پہنچائے تو اس کو کوئی ہٹانے والا نہیں ہے ہر طرح کی عبادت مثلاً قیام، رکوع، سجدہ صرف اسی کے لئے خاص ہے اور کسی اور کے سامنے جھکنا جائز نہیں۔
انسانوں سے اللہ تعالیٰ نے انکی تخلیق سے پہلے ایک وعدہ لیا تھا جس کا ذکر قرآن مجید میں یوں مذکور ہے:
"اَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ، قَالُوْا بَلٰي، شَہِدْنَا"۔[[1]]
" کیا میں تمہارا رب نہیں ہوں؟ اس وقت سب نے یہ کہا کیوں نہیں اے ہمارے رب!"۔
سب نے اس وقت اللہ کی ربوبیت کا اقرار کیا تھا گویا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی ربوبیت کا اقرار و اعتراف انسانوں کی فطرت میں داخل اور انکے وجدان میں شامل ہے۔
اللہ تعالیٰ کی ربوبیت کا مطلب اور اس کا تقاضا کیا ہے ؟اسکے جواب کے بارے میں بشیر احمد لودھی یوں رقمطراز ہیں:
" انسان ازخود پیدا نہیں...
Codification is the creation of codes, the compilation of written statues, rules, and regulations that inform the public of the acceptable and the unacceptable behaviour. Muslim jurists had differed in their opinion of codification of Islamic laws; some supported the idea, while the others opposed it. However, in the contemporary global situation, Muslim scholars are emphasizing the importance of codification of Islamic laws and efforts have been initiated in many Muslim countries to codify them. In the current paper, the evolution of Muslim Family Laws of Pakistan and Malaysia has been comparatively studied. Malaysia has been selected due to its technological and economic advancement among the Muslim countries. Malaysia serves as an example in the modem codification of Islamic Laws. In Pakistan, Criminal and Penal Laws are codified while the Muslim Family Laws have not been codified and left scattered in various acts, ordinances and court decisions. The Malaysian Family Law are codified in one volume and enacted after necessary legislation through an act of the parliament. The objective of this comparative evolutionary study is to provide a practical model for the Islamization and codification of Muslim Family Laws in Pakistan.
This study 'Exploring Students' Engagement with Methodology during their M.Ed. Dissertations' is a qualitative research which aimed to explore the Masters in Education (M.Ed.) students' interactions with their research methodology during their final year research. For gauging students' methodological engagement (ME), the study particularly examined: alignment of research design elements within the paradigm employed; students' description of the research process, how it is was carried out and importantly why it was done in a particular manner; awareness of philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of their chosen methodology and methods; and reflexivity as a focus while writing the dissertation demonstrating critical choices and decisions that student had to make during research process. To generate relevant data, the study employed (a) content analysis (CA) for exploring students' ME as reflected in their dissertations and (b) semi-structured interviews for investigating students' and supervisors' views about students' ME while doing their research and writing their research. The study was conducted in a private educational institution of Pakistan. The sample included 15 qualitative case study researches for CA, 6 supervisors and 6 graduates for interviews. The analysis of the sample dissertations showed that the students' engagement with methodology varied. While majority explained their leaning towards qualitative methodology and case study approach, there was not enough explanation of the rationale behind certain decisions around the research design, data collection methods and analysis strategies in the dissertations; absence of research tool; ethics dealt at institutional requirements only and reflexivity being scarce. The analysis of interview data highlighted various factors which had contributed to students' methodological engagement. For instance, the findings revealed that given the students' educational background, conceptual understanding and English proficiency were the key hindrances for deep ME during dissertation. The study found that these students embarked on their projects with ambiguous research understanding and challenging academic writing skills. In this context, the supervision process embodied faculty supervisors' and students' constant struggle with various aspects of research. Furthermore, their struggle was exacerbated by the institutional timelines, affecting not only student-supervisor interactions but the deep learning from their research experiences. English language unit within the institution, educationally appropriate research content and supervisory dialogues are recommended for addressing students' diverse needs for improved ME in future dissertations.