Efficiency of secondary school is to get maximum output with minimum input. In secondary schools, the Head of the school is considered efficient if he achieves the desired objectives within limited available resources and time. School Heads are administrators as well as managers and the management in educational institutions depends upon the efficiency of school Heads. The purpose of the study was to develop framework for improving efficiency of secondary school Heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Objectives of the study were: 1) to analyze the performance of secondary school Heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 2) to identify the present status of the efficiency of Heads of secondary schools and 3) to develop a frame work for improving efficiency of the secondary school Heads. The study was delimited to 04 districts of Abbottabad, Haripur, Kohat and Nowshera with highest literacy rate and 04 districts of upper Dir, Battagram, Shangla and Kohistan with lowest literacy rate.Population of the study was 16 DEOs, 490 Secondary School, 1360 Secondary School teachers and 7199 students. In sampling process, proportionate sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used. The selected sample comprised of 16 DEOs, 290 Secondary School Heads, 580 Secondary School Teachers and 580 students. Questionnaire was tool for data collection and four questionnaires one each for DEOs, Heads, SSTs and students were developed and administered.Each sample was served with separate validated tool of Questionnaires thus the data from 16 DEOS, 230 Heads, 460 teachers and 460 students were collected. The data were collected, tabulated; Mean Score, Standard Deviation, t and z tests were applied for data analysis. T test was applied for comparative analysis of the responses of DEOs and z test was applied for comparison of the Heads, teachers and students’ responses. It was concluded that Heads plan, organize the activities of the school, carry out surprise visits of the class rooms, delegate powers to the teachers, involve them in decision makingbut do not carry outrandom checking of the students note books. Heads help teachers in improving their teaching skills, guide them in class room activities and help them in scheduling the co-curricular activities of the school. Assign the tasks to the teachers according to their strengths and not on the basis of favoritism. Motivate them for better performance and to accept responsibilities in addition to the teaching. Heads do not have the skills to utilize the funds properly, to control the leakage of resources and to manage the school budget and finances properly. Heads need to improve their finance management skills, to maintain liaison with the community as well as with their neighboring school Heads and also need administrative and managerial training to improve their professional skills. It is recommended that Secondary School Heads may be given administrative and managerial training to improve their professional skills. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa may establish a separate institute for such training or utilize the existing ones to train the Heads of the Secondary Schools and make it obligatory for the potential Heads to get training before joining as Heads. On the bases of conclusions and recommendations, a framework has been developed which may be helpful in improving the efficiency of Secondary School Heads in Khyber PakhtunKhwa province.
The present study was conducted to probe the cleanliness in the tertiary healthcare hospitals in Peshawar-Pakistan. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 600 sampled respondents admitted in three tertiary healthcare hospitals in Peshawar i.e. Khyber Teaching hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex and Lady Reading Hospital through proportional allocation method. The patients were very critical about the healthcare and cleanliness in the above three major hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Bi-variate analysis was made and the results reveal that hospital has clean and hygienic environment (P=0.006), Medical OPD, s were clean and tidy (P=0.000), wards were clean and well maintained (P=0.000), Toilets were clean and well maintained (P=0.000). The study recommended that hospital administration should keep focus on cleanliness in washroom, clean water and clean food to the patients.
This qualitative case study explored the possibilities that a private secondary school offers to a marginalised community for the development of its male and female students' leadership potentials. The school principal, section head, teachers and students (2 male 2 female), two board members and parents of selected children participated in the study. To explore the situations in Excellence Academy, the data was collected using semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. The study revealed that shared vision of the school was an influential, and motivational factor that allowed the stakeholders (of the school) to create opportunities for the development of students. Practice of participatory approach towards school leadership by the important stakeholders offers a model for the students to adopt the leadership style in their future life. Students learn that how they will ensure the inclusion of the relevant people in their future life in the leadership roles which they might have to play. This study also found school curriculum as a prevailing possibility for developing students' leadership potentials. This school has well-developed curriculum that asserts that students must acquire specific knowledge and skills and get multiple opportunities to practice them. Curricular and co-curricular activities create opportunities for students that can help them develop the leadership potentials which they can demonstrate inside and outside the school. In the study, a close review of school's processes and the structures around students' participation in school management revealed the equality of opportunities for male and female students. Student Council and election process allowed both the male and female students to contest at the election as representatives of the student body. However, the study also revealed some teachers to be having different expectations from the students on the basis of gender, which consequently might have an implication on students' chances of getting equal opportunities to participate on such