The cut flower industry of Pakistan is at its initial stages of development and growers are producing cut flowers only in open field. Tuberose is heat loving plant and can successfully be grown with little care, which makes it the only choice for the cut flower growers during summer season in Punjab, Pakistan. More often local florist markets become glutted with it during peak production time, which results in heavy postharvest losses and price drop, causing economic losses to the tuberose stakeholders, viz. growers, wholesalers and retailers. At present no valid data base is available regarding the postharvest handling practices being followed by the local tuberose stakeholders. Keeping in view popularity of tuberose among local growers and high market demand in local flower markets, present study was initiated to develop a valid database for postharvest handling protocols by the tuberose stakeholders. Study was completed in two phases, in first phase a survey of tuberose stakeholders was conducted. Survey results demonstrated that all postharvest handling practices currently used by the stakeholders were not as per recommended international standards. Therefore, in the second phase, a series of postharvest experiments were performed to find out best suited postharvest handling practices for cut tuberose spikes, viz., optimal harvest stage, pulsing, packaging materials, storage method and durations, water quality and vase preservative solutions. The study concluded that the best stage for harvesting spikes was when lower buds are fully mature and have expanded but yet not opened. Among various pulsing treatments, 10% sucrose plus 50 mg L-1 salicylic acid for 24 hours proved best for extending vase life. Storage of spikes in water (wet) proved best for storage of spikes up to six days at 4±2 0C. Likewise cut spikes wrapped in polythene sleeves alone or packed in floral boxes lined with polythene stored at 4±2 0C up to 3 days had longest vase life and better quality and this storage period can be extended up to 6 days in dark without any significant loss of quality. Spikes kept in carbonated plus distilled water (1:1) performed best followed by distilled, deionizes and reverse osmosis water for various spike and floret characteristics. Vase solution containing 2% sucrose plus 50 mg L-1 salicylic acid had the longest postharvest longevity and maintained quality of cut tuberose spikes. In summary, vase life of cut tuberose spikes can be considerably extended by following proper postharvest handling protocols.
مستری چراغ دین مستری چراغ دین (۱۹۳۵۔۱۸۵۷) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ مستری اردو اور فارسی زبان میں شاعری کرتے تھے۔ ۱۹۲۶ء میں آپ مکہ مکرمہ چلے گئے واپس آ کر ’’حج کا ساتھی‘‘ کے نام سے سفر نامہ مرتب کیا۔ خواجہ حسن نظامی نے اس سفر نامہ کو حلقہ مشائخ دہلی کے تحت مارچ ۱۹۲۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ بہت کوشش کے باوجود آپ کا شعری کلام دریافت نہیں ہو سکا۔ ایک شعر ملاحظہ ہو جو انہوں نے اپنے تعمیری مکان کے بیرونی دروازے کی ڈاٹ پر کنندہ کرایا تھا۔ مستری کو فکر تھا تاریخ کا کہ دیا ہاتف نے قصر دل پذیر (۳۰)
هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور مشاريع العمل عن بعد في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة وقد درست أدوراها في مجال المعرفة والثقافة والتدريب والدعم وتوظيف الاستفادة ومواكبة التطور وبالنسبة للتنمية المستدامة تم دراسة أبعادها الأربعة التقنية والبيئية والاجتماعية الاقتصادية وقد اتبعت المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لمعالجة وتحليل البيانات لعينة من العاملين في مجال العمل عن بعد وقد بلغ عددها 155 عامل في مجال العمل عن بعد وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: شعور العامل بمسؤولية العمل اتجاه المشغل والشركة الوسيطة، تقديم التدريب والدعم للموظفين وقدرتها على تحسين الظروف الاقتصادية والمعيشية وقد جاءت التنمية التقنية في أهم أبعاد التنمية تحقيقاً أي بنسبة 81.00% وثم التنمية الاقتصادية بنسبة 79.40% وبينت الدراسة وجود علاقة إيجابية بين دور مشاريع العمل عن بعد والتنمية المستدامة وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة نشر الوعي والتثقيف بالعمل عن بعد ودورها في إحداث عملية التنمية المستدامة و توفير الدعم المادي لتحقيق أهداف الاستراتيجية الحكومية الهادفة لتبني فكرة العمل عن بعد ووضع القوانين والتشريعات واللوائح لخدمة وحماية الحماية العامل الفلسطيني أمام المشغل الأجنبي.
Rote learning is a learning technique, in which a piece of information is learned by the repetition of the items in that information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Rote Learning in students’ achievement in basic skills of English language. The objectives of the study included: (1) to study the role of rote learning in listening skill; (2) speaking skill; (3) reading skill, (4)and writing skill of the students in the subject of English. To achieve these objectives null hypothesis were tested. Three hundred nineteen thousands, eight hundred and eighty one students of grade nine in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. A sample of fifty students was taken from the population. The students were pre-tested and then divided in to two equal groups of control and experimental groups. The teaching of control group remained unchanged while the experimental group was taught through Rote Learning. Different methods of Rote learning like Chunking, Rhyming, Mediation, Recital and Bridging were used for the study of experimental group. The data was analyzed by paired sample T-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance). The result showed that the students who were taught through Rote Learning showed good result than those students who were not taught through Rote Learning. The study revealed that Rote Learning had an effective role in the teaching of basic language skills in the study of English. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that rote learning can play an important role in English language learning.