ANALISIS NILAI-NILAI TOLERANSI DALAM BUKU “SENANG BELAJAR AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI” DI KELAS IV DAN V SD DI KAB. KARANGANYAR “SENANG BELAJAR AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI” DI KELAS IV DAN V SD DI KAB. KARANGANYAR

Oleh Rizky Martha Oktavia Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam, Pascasarjana, IAIN Surakarta rizkymarthaoktavia@gmail. Com   Abstrak Kesuksesan pendidikan toleransi melalui pendidikan agama Islam dapat ditopang oleh komponen bahan ajar, misalnya buku “Senang Belajar Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti” bagi Siswa Kelas IV dan V SD di Kab. Karanganyar. Permasalahannya, bagaimana analisis nilai-nilai toleransi dalam buku tersebut? Tujuan penelitian, yaitu menganalisis nilai-nilai toleransi dalam buku “Senang Belajar Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti” bagi Siswa Kelas IV dan V SD di Kab. Karanganyar. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian pustaka, data penelitian berupa nilai-nilai toleransi diperoleh dari sumber data buku dikumpulkan dengan studi dokumentasi. Keabsahannya diperiksa dengan teknik (1) triangulasi, (2) pengecekan anggota, (3) meningkatkan ketekunan, dan (4) kecukupan bahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis isi ditemukan nilai-nilai toleransi, yakni 31 nilai toleransi, misalnya (1) tidak menertawakan cara beribadah umat beragama lain, (2) tidak membicarakan kekurangan agama umat beragama lain, (3) tidak mencela aturan beribadah umat beragama lain. Saran kepada penulis buku Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) SD, yakni perlu penyebaran nilai toleransi pada setiap bab; guru PAI dan siswa kelas IV dan V SD perlu membaca, bahkan menelusuri nilai toleransi agar dapat diajarkan berkelanjutan; siswa kelas IV dan V SD perlu membaca dan menerapkan nilai toleransi dalam buku dengan berkonsultasi pada orang tua dan guru yang membinanya; kepala SD dapat menjadikan sebaran nilai-nilai toleransi sebagai panduan untuk memilih, menentukan, dan merancang kegiataan sosial kemasyarakatan di sekolah untuk melatih kepekaan siswa menjadi generasi yang toleran. Kata-kata Kunci: nilai toleransi, budi pekerti, pendidikan                               agama Islam

Evaluating Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Improving Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L.

Intensive use of chemical fertilizers has produced environmental, health and agricultural hazards besides their high cost. Microbial (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) inoculation as substitute to chemical fertilizers could be an effective way for sustainable sunflower production. Therefore, a field study was performed at the Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, to evaluate role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improving nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency in sunflower. The study comprised of two experiments carried out during 2012 and 2013 in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In first experiment, sunflower hybrid (Hysun-33) was subjected to eleven treatments viz. Control, Recommended N (100%), 100% N + PGPR (Azospirillum) seed inoculation, 75% N + PGPR (Azospirillum) seed inoculation, 50% N + PGPR (Azospirillum) seed inoculation, 100% N + PGPR (Azotobactor) seed inoculation, 75% N + PGPR (Azotobactor) seed inoculation, 50% N + PGPR (Azotobactor) seed inoculation, 100% N + PGPR (Azospirillum + Azotobactor) seed inoculation, 75% N + PGPR (Azospirillum + Azotobactor) seed inoculation, 50% N + PGPR (Azospirillum + Azotobactor) seed inoculation. While second experiment comprised of treatments: Control, Recommended P (100%), 100% P + PGPR (Bacillus) seed inoculation, 75% P + PGPR (Bacillus) seed inoculation, 50% P + PGPR (Bacillus) seed inoculation, 100% P + PGPR (Pseudomonas) seed inoculation, 75% P + PGPR (Pseudomonas) seed inoculation, 50% P + PGPR (Pseudomonas) seed inoculation, 100% P + PGPR (Bacillus + Pseudomonas) seed inoculation, 75% P + PGPR (Bacillus + Pseudomonas) seed inoculation, 50% P + PGPR (Bacillus + Pseudomonas) seed inoculation. The results of first experiment depicted that both inoculants and their mixture with different nitrogen rates showed an increase in growth, yield, quality and nutrients uptake parameters. The results further revealed that 100% nitrogen + PGPR (Azospirillum + Azotobactor) inoculation not only produced highest achene and oil yields but also gave maximum gross and net income and benefit cost ratio during both years (2011 and 2012) of experimentation. However, 75% nitrogen + PGPR (Azospirillum + Azotobactor) inoculation produced statistically same yield as with recommended nitrogen (100%). The results of the second experiment showed significant improvement in growth, yield, quality and nutrients uptake of sunflower crop by both inoculation and their mixture sources with various combinations of phosphorus. However, maximum achene and oil yields with highest gross, net income and benefit cost ratio were obtained with the combination of 100% phosphorus + PGPR (Bacillus + Pseudomonas) inoculation during both years. But applying the combination of 50% phosphorus + PGPR (Bacillus + Pseudomonas) inoculation achieved the achene and oil yield statistically comparable to that of recommended phosphorus (100%) without inoculation. The study suggested that 25% of nitrogen and 50% of phosphorus fertilizer doses can be reduced by applying PGPR (Azospirillum + Azotobactor) and (Bacillus + Pseudomonas) inoculation sources respectively, for achieving sunflower achene yield which was obtained by using 100% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers without inoculation.