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Development Financing and Economic Governance: Analysis of the Liquidity Crisis and Circularity Debts in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Khan, Muhammad Irfan

Program

PhD

Institute

Iqra University

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Public Adminisration

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2830/1/1-Table%20of%20Contents%20-%20M.%20Irfan%20Khan.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:23:56

ARI ID

1676724612873

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عبد اﷲ شوقؔ

8عبد اﷲ شوقؔ(۱۹۰۱۔۱۹۷۰ء) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ شوق ؔکا شعری کلام جدت سے خالی ہے۔ ان کے ہاں روایت پرستی کے حوالے سے کافی اشعار ملتے ہیں۔ نمونۂ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:

دیکھی کیا ہے جناب کی صورت

 

/دیکھ لی ہے گلاب کی صورت

 

1دن گزرتے ہیں سخت مشکل سے

 

-یعنی روزِ حساب کی صورت

 

7حسن میں چاند کی سی ٹھنڈک ہے

 

)عشق ہے آفتاب کی صورت

 

;دل بھی جل جل کے تیری فرقت میں

 

-ہو گیا ہے کباب کی صورت

 

7دیکھ کر ان کے روئے تاباں کو

 

/نہ رہی شوقؔ تاب کی صورت

(۳۴۹)

۳۴۹۔ رخشہ نسیم،’’سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری‘‘ ، ص:۶۴، ۶۵

 

Indian Muslim Freedom Fighters Based in Afghanistan and Soviet Russia

At the outbreak of the First Word War, the Indian Muslim freedom fighters headed towards Afghanistan and thence to Soviet Russia to devise a strategy to pulverize the British Indian government through an alliance of the powers that were hostile to the British Imperialism in India such as Germany, Turkey, Czarist Russia and Soviet Russia. The present paper takes into account the life struggle of a few spirited individuals such as Mawlana Abdur Rahim alias Maulv Bashir, Maulvi Muhammad Ali Quāuri, Mawlana Barakatullah Bhopali, Mawlana Ubayd Allah Sindhi and a host of others who found their way towards Afghanistan with the avowed intention of the liquidation of the British Imperialism from India. The activities of these Freedom fighters apparently did not bring about immediate tangible results in terms of the freedom of India; however, they contributed to the complete freedom of Afghanistan and in subsequent years brought the goal of the freedom of their own country nearer.

Development of Chlorine Free Novel Bleaching Process for Wheat Straw Pulp to Reduce the Toxicity Level of Effluents

Wheat straw is a non-wood agricultural residue which serves as an excellent fibrous source for pulp and paper industry. In the present work, TCF bleaching sequences were developed for indigenous variety of AS/AQ wheat straw pulp. Different chemicals such as acid, oxygen, oxone, dithionite, alkali and hydrogen peroxide were optimized in different stages and sequences at varying doses of bleaching agents and reaction conditions. Multistage TCF bleach sequences i.e., AOOxPP*, AOOxEP, AOOxYP, AO′Ox′P′ are resulted from various optimization trials during the study. It was very promising to find out that cellulose remained protected whereas most of the residual lignin was removed during the process. Most of the hemicelluloses were washed away during bleaching. However, it is quite evident from the pulps’ sugar analysis that only a small fraction of hemicelluloses remained intact in the bleached pulp which is important in fiber preparation and its bonding during papermaking process. Similarly, hexenuronic acid was also removed during successive stages of bleaching that may be the causes of reduction in fiber strength, brightness and brightness stability. The results also revealed that the developed bleaching sequences are effective and selective to fully bleach the pulp with brightness gain greater than 80% ISO without deteriorating its fibre characteristics such as kappa number, viscosity, strength and brightness stability etc. A considerable reduction in effluent load with reduced toxicity and zero AOX level shows the advantage of process over chlorinated bleaching processes. Thus the study provides enough evidence to fill the gap between producing quality products and requirements for a healthy environment using TCF bleaching sequences.