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Development of Micellar Draw Solution and Process Optimization of the Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor

Thesis Info

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Author

Nawaz, Muhammad Saqib

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Sciences & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10133/1/Muhammad%20Saqib%20Nawaz_Env%20Engg_2014_NUST_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724621590

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The wide spread application of forward osmosis (FO) awaits substantial investigation in the development of novel draw solutions. When surfactant monomers aggregate above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and Krafft temperature (Tk), micelles are formed. Micellar solutions were evaluated as novel draw solutions for FO systems. It was found that the micellar solutions generate stable water fluxes, independent of declining draw solution concentration, around their CMCs. The reverse transport of different micellar solutions was found to be 53-268 times lower as compared to the sodium chloride, at similar concentrations. Upto 95 % recovery of micellar solutions with energy efficient methods like ultra filtration (UF) or Krafft temperature swing is another advantage. Microbial toxicity effects of the reverse transported micellar draw solutions were studied using isolated microbial species and mixed activated sludge. Micellar solutions were recommended for use in the forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FO-MBR) but with concentrations above CMC. Different operational parameters for improving the efficiency of the FO-MBR were also optimized. A draw solution concentration of 2 M was found most suitable since the higher concentrations invited extensive concentration polarization (CP) which caused a net water flux decline. Cross-flow velocity of 300 ml/min was optimized to circulate the feed solution (sludge) in FO-MBR, because greater velocities caused a breakdown of flocs to encourage severe membrane fouling. Micellar fouled FO membranes were found to show 100 % flux recovery after cleaning with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. It was discovered that the major transport of organic contaminants and draw solute, across the FO membrane, occurs in the first hour of operation of the FO-MBR. In short, micellar draw solutions are a good addition towards the development of FO.
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عقل مند بادشاہ

عقل مند بادشاہ

کسے شہر وچ اک غریب بندہ رہندا سی۔ انتہائی نیک تے محنتی، سارا دن محنت کردا تے جو کجھ ملدا اوس اتے ربّ دا شکر ادا کردا۔ بچت کر کے اوس دس ہزار روپے جمع کر لئے سن۔ اچانک اوس نوں ضروری کم لئی دوجے شہر جانا پیا۔ اوس پیسے نال لے جاون دیبجائے اپنے گوانڈھی کول امانت رکھوا دتے۔ پر امانت دیندے ویلے کوئی گواہ نئیں سی موجود تے نہ ای اوس امانت دی کوئی رسید لئی۔

چھ مہینیاں پچھوں جدوں اوہ بندہ واپس آیا تاں اوس نے گوانڈھی کولوں اپنی امانت منگی۔ تاں گوانڈھی صاف مکر گیا۔ الٹا اوس دی بے عزتی وی کیتی۔ اوہ ہر روز امانت لین جاندا پر گوانڈھی اوس دی کوئی گل نہ سندا۔ شام نوں اوہ تھک کے گھر واپس آ جاندا۔ آخر کار اوس نے فیصلہ کیتا کہ اوہ اپنا مقدمہ بادشاہ دی عدالت وچ لے کے جاوے گا۔ اوہ بادشاہ دی عدالت وچ اپڑیا تے بادشاہ نوں دسیا کہ اوس کولوں غلطی ہوئی اے کہ اوس بغیر کسے گواہ تے رسید دے دس ہزار روپے گوانڈھی کول امانت راکھوے سن پر ہن اوہ اوس دی امانت واپس نئیں کردا۔ ایس لئی میرے پیسے مینوں واپس لے کے دیو۔

بادشاہ نے اوس نوں آکھیا کہ بناں ثبوت دے میں اوس نوں گرفتار نئیں کر سکدا۔ پر اک تجویز اے کہ میں کل عصر دی نماز توں بعد سیر کردا اوس بندے دی دوکان اتے آوے گا۔ توں وی اوتھے آ جاویں۔ میں تینوں جھک کے سلام کراں گا۔ توں بڑی لاپرواہی نال اوس دی جواب دیویں ایسے طرں میں تیرے نال جو وی گلاں کراں توں انتہائی لاپرواہی نال اوہناں دا جواب دینا ایں۔

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