عقل مند بادشاہ
کسے شہر وچ اک غریب بندہ رہندا سی۔ انتہائی نیک تے محنتی، سارا دن محنت کردا تے جو کجھ ملدا اوس اتے ربّ دا شکر ادا کردا۔ بچت کر کے اوس دس ہزار روپے جمع کر لئے سن۔ اچانک اوس نوں ضروری کم لئی دوجے شہر جانا پیا۔ اوس پیسے نال لے جاون دیبجائے اپنے گوانڈھی کول امانت رکھوا دتے۔ پر امانت دیندے ویلے کوئی گواہ نئیں سی موجود تے نہ ای اوس امانت دی کوئی رسید لئی۔
چھ مہینیاں پچھوں جدوں اوہ بندہ واپس آیا تاں اوس نے گوانڈھی کولوں اپنی امانت منگی۔ تاں گوانڈھی صاف مکر گیا۔ الٹا اوس دی بے عزتی وی کیتی۔ اوہ ہر روز امانت لین جاندا پر گوانڈھی اوس دی کوئی گل نہ سندا۔ شام نوں اوہ تھک کے گھر واپس آ جاندا۔ آخر کار اوس نے فیصلہ کیتا کہ اوہ اپنا مقدمہ بادشاہ دی عدالت وچ لے کے جاوے گا۔ اوہ بادشاہ دی عدالت وچ اپڑیا تے بادشاہ نوں دسیا کہ اوس کولوں غلطی ہوئی اے کہ اوس بغیر کسے گواہ تے رسید دے دس ہزار روپے گوانڈھی کول امانت راکھوے سن پر ہن اوہ اوس دی امانت واپس نئیں کردا۔ ایس لئی میرے پیسے مینوں واپس لے کے دیو۔
بادشاہ نے اوس نوں آکھیا کہ بناں ثبوت دے میں اوس نوں گرفتار نئیں کر سکدا۔ پر اک تجویز اے کہ میں کل عصر دی نماز توں بعد سیر کردا اوس بندے دی دوکان اتے آوے گا۔ توں وی اوتھے آ جاویں۔ میں تینوں جھک کے سلام کراں گا۔ توں بڑی لاپرواہی نال اوس دی جواب دیویں ایسے طرں میں تیرے نال جو وی گلاں کراں توں انتہائی لاپرواہی نال اوہناں دا جواب دینا ایں۔
بادشاہ دے دسے ہوئے منصوبے دے تحت اگلے اوہ بندہ...
Prison’s governance is gauged by safeguarding basic human rights in captivity and prisoners’ rights are detailed through rules, norms, and values. The present study assesses human rights paradigm enforced in Pakistan and evaluates the empirical situation in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa mirrored with the legal governance structure in vogue in the province. For assessment purpose primary data is collected through interviews from ex-prisoners, policemen on duty and some officials of prisons in the province. Documentary evidence is employed to ensure data accuracy before analysis. Secondary data has been utilized to form bases of recommendation in the light of empirics been evaluated. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Prisons Rules 2018, Nelson Mandela Rules and United Nations Rules make the necessary legal paradigm to view the problems been faced by prisoners in the prisons. In the light of these legal instruments recommendations have been framed for betterment in the system of prisons’ governance.
The problem of unavailability of conventional fuels and pollution is becoming a serious issue day by day. Many countries have been looking for alternative energy resources to substitute petroleum. Vegetable oil can be one of the alternatives which can be used as fuel in automotive engines. Changing the chemistry of fuel by adding the vegetable oil or completely replacing the traditional fuels by the vegetable oil is being experimented. Vegetable oils such as mustered oil, sunflower oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, and waste vegetable oil have been considered as alternative fuels for CI Engines. Kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, and pour and cloud points of these oils are much higher than those of diesel. Therefore, such oils, in pure or blended form, cannot be used as fuel in engines for long run. In this study, oils from various feedstocks have been transesterified due to which their specific gravity and kinematic viscosity were decreased and pour and cloud points were increased. The chemical and physical properties of chemically modified oils, called biodiesel or methyl ester, were tested in accordance with ASTM D6751 and found comparable to those of diesel. The engine performance and emissions were evaluated using biodiesel in pure and blended form and it was concluded that a blend of 20% waste vegetable oil methyl ester and 80% diesel (W20) could be successfully used as an alternative fuel, in CI engine. Although higher brake specific fuel consumption of W20 was observed, yet the fuel was found to be environmental friendly. Reduced amount of THC and CO were found in the exhaust emissions of the engine. However, level of NO x was increased. To reduce NO x , certain modifications in the fuel injection system of the engine were made and results were obtained by running the engine using W20 fuel. The experimental results showed that engine performance was not much affected and engine emitted lower amount of NO x , without much affecting THC, and CO emissions.