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Do Firms Imitate: the Moderating Role of Ownership Concentration in Relation Between Peer Effect and Corporate Financial Policies

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Muhammad Mudassar Anwar

Program

PhD

Institute

Capital University of Science & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Management Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11807/1/Muhammad%20Mudassar%20Anwer%20Mngt%20Sc.%202019%20cust%20isb%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724632774

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This study evaluates what and how personality traits (Big Five) of employees form their psychological contracts with respective employers. Therefore, apart from testing the direct relations between personality traits of employees and their psychological contracts towards employers, the present study investigates the ex planatory mechanisms (epistemic curiosity & rule-following behavior) between the Big Five personality traits and dimensions of psychological contracts, which in cludes transactional, relational, balanced and ideological contracts. In addition, the moderating role of individual level uncertainty avoidance is also examined in the relations between personality traits and explanatory mechanisms i.e. epistemic curiosity and rule-following behavior. Trait activation theory provides overarch ing theoretical framework for this study and norms of reciprocity offer additional support. Time-lagged data in three time-lags were collected from 469 respondents employed in various public and private sector organizations across Pakistan. Results indicate that Openness to Experience positively relates to transactional, balanced and ideological contracts and negative relates to relational contracts. Conscientiousness positively relates to transactional contracts and negatively re lates with relational, balanced and ideological contracts. The other personality dimension Extraversion positively relates to relational contracts and ideological contracts whereas it negatively relates to transactional contracts. Similarly, Agree ableness is found positively related with relational contracts and negatively with transactional and ideological contracts. Finally, Neuroticism negatively relates with all types of psychological contracts. Regarding explanatory paths, epistemic curiosity and rule-following behavior ex plain the relations between specific personality traits and psychological contracts as epistemic curiosity explains the relations between Openness to Experience, Con scientiousness and Extraversion and psychological contract types. While in case of rule-following behavior, majority of the hypotheses stand accepted, except for balanced contracts. In case of moderation, the results show that uncertainty avoid ance weakens relationship between Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness and x Extraversion and epistemic curiosity. The results regarding moderating role of uncertainty avoidance in the relations between Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism and rule-following behavior could only be partially claimed due to the fact that uncertainty avoidance was not found affecting the relation between Con scientiousness and rule-following behavior. Overall directions of buffering effects were somehow mixed as compared to expectations. These results have theoretical as well as practical significance. The study makes theoretical contribution in psychological contracts body of knowledge by adding two new explanatory mechanisms to elucidate the reasons why people with certain personality traits form different types of psychological contracts and what affect individual level uncertainty avoidance has on these relations. The practitioners can also benefit from these finding as they can ensure better expectations management and personality-job fit.
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ایسا چہرہ جو دیکھتا ہو گا

ایسا چہرہ جو دیکھتا ہو گا
چاند حیرت میں کھو گیا ہو گا

تم کو دیکھا تو دیکھتا ہی رہا
عکس حیران رہ گیا ہو گا

حسن زادی ترے جمال کے بعد
چاند بے چارہ قیس سا ہو گا

تم کہو اور میں ویسی ہو جائوں
ہو گا اک دن یہ معجزہ ہو گا

میں ہوں کردار تم کہانی ہو
حشر اب اس میں رونما ہو گا

مجھ سے ملنے کے، دیکھنے کے، فضاؔ
خواب وہ بھی تو دیکھتا ہو گا

Regional Taxes and Levies Contribution to the Increase of Regional Original Income

This study aims to determine how to determine the contribution of regional taxes and levies to the increase in local revenue at the Regional Revenue Agency of Mamuju Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The analytical technique used in this research is to conduct field studies and literature studies. Based on the results of data analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the contribution of local tax revenues has increased in 2013-2014 while in 2015-2017 experienced fluctuating symptoms in each type of tax. Then the contribution of regional levies changes which fluctuate every year in the period 2013-2017. As well as local tax revenues and regional levies contribute to increasing the original revenue of the Mamuju Regency.

Inheritance of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease Mymd Resistance in Mungbean

Mungbean yellow mosaic disease, transmitted by whitefly, is most damaging disease of mungbean in all of its growing areas. Genetic resistance is a viable and environment friendly solution, for which resistance source is prerequisite. Total 83 mungbean accessions were evaluated under protected and unprotected field conditions following split plot design. Infection % age and disease severity based scoring scales were compared for their discrimination potential for screening. Disease severity based scoring scale was found superior to infection % age based scale because it categorized genotypes into five groups while only two groups were generated by later. Infection % age ranged from 33.33 to 100% while disease severity index varied from 10 to 75%. Only one genotype (NM 6-68-2) was found resistant (D.I. 10%) while three accessions NM 57, NM 1-32-1, NCM 254-3 were highly susceptible. Disease severity showed maximum correlation with chlorophyll-a reduction followed by 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that direct effect of disease on yield reduction was negligible but it caused yield reduction via reduced harvest index and 100 seed weight. Resistance to MYMD is governed by two major genes with additive nature. There was variability in genetic components of different traits under both field conditions.