Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly gaining the interest of researchers over the last two decades. Most of the CSR research has been conducted at the macro level, therefore, leading journals in Management including Journal of Management, Personnel Psychology, Journal of Business Ethics, Group & Organization Management, Journal of Organizational Behavior are calling for micro-level research. It is not possible to capture CSR entirely without the understanding of CSR effects on employees. CSR literature suggests that this relationship is not direct and there must be some underlying mechanism that explains this path. Specifically, our research question is why, how and when employees react to CSR initiatives? The study of micro-foundations of CSR can help the business community in finding out the rationale for CSR investment and generation of positive behaviors. On the basis of Social Identity Theory and Social Exchange theory, we proposed that CSR can impact employees’ behaviors (task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intention and organizational deviance) through the serial mediation of organization pride and organizational identification while the desire to have a significant impact through work moderates pride-identification relationship. The study is a response to the calls of leading journals of the field. This is one of the few studies that provide a comprehensive model including the mediation and moderation to investigate the CSR and employees’ behavior relationship that is relatively missed in previous studies. The study is based on the data from Pakistan to provide the empirical evidence from developing countries contrary to the studies conducted in developed countries. The study contributes to CSR and organizational behavior literature by providing the insights through social identity and social exchange theory. The study is analytical and quantitative, conducted in a non-contrived setting with minimal interference of the researcher. Primary multi source (three sources) time lagged (four points in time) data of 187 employees working in a well-reputed organization due to its CSR activities is analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling. Findings suggest that employees who value CSR have the greater tendency to identify with the organization because they feel proud due to organizational membership. It is also found that the relationship between pride and identification is stronger for the employees with a higher level of desire to have a significant impact through work. Employees who are more identified with the organization are better in task performance and organizational citizenship behavior negating their intentions of turnover and organizational deviance. The study provides the implications for researchers for investigating the other potential mediators and moderators in micro CSR research. It also provides deep insights to understand the potential impact of pride and identification on other variables that can be associated with them. The study implies that CSR can help to reduce employee’s turnover intentions and deviance to a minimum level while increasing their in-role and extra-role performance. Organizations may find this suitable to consider while designing their strategies to improve the positive behaviors in the workforce.
چودھری محمد علی صاحب ردولوی افسوس ہے کہ ہماری قدیم تہذیب کی یادگاریں ایک ایک کر کے اٹھتی جاتی ہیں اور پرانی محفل اجڑتی جاتی ہے، ان ہی یادگاروں میں ایک چودھری محمد علی صاحب مرحوم ردولوی بھی تھے، وہ امراؤ شرفائے اودھ کی تہذیب کا نمونہ تھے، ان کی شخصیت بڑی دلکش و دلپزیر تھی، بڑے خوش مذاق، زندہ دل، بذلہ سنج حاضر جواب اور علم مجلسی کے بڑے ماہر تھے، ان کی ہر چیز میں خوبی و لطافت اور زبان وقلم دونوں میں بڑے دلکشی تھی، تحریر میں صاحب طرز ادیب اور خوش گفتاری میں ہزار داستان تھے، جس محفل میں بیٹھتے تھے اپنی خوش بیانی سے چھاجاتے تھے، ان کی تحریر میں سادگی کے ساتھ بڑی تازگی اور بے ساختگی تھی، اس طرز میں وہ منفرد تھے، اہل زبان حضرات میں بھی اس طرز میں لکھنے والا کوئی نہ تھا، مگر ان کی تحریر اور گفتگو دونوں میں اودھ کا پرانا بے فکری کا تفریحی مذاق غالب تھا اس لیے تحریر کا دائرہ ادب و افسانے تک محدود تھا، اور اسی میں ان کا طرز تحریر کھلتا بھی تھا سنجیدہ علمی و ادبی مباحث سے ان کو زیادہ دلچسپی نہ تھی، اگر کبھی بھولے سے اس کوچہ میں نکل آتے تھے تو اس میں بھی تفریحی رنگ پیدا ہوجاتا تھا، یہی حال ان کی گفتگو کا تھا، ان کی سنجیدہ گفتگو بھی لطائف و ظرائف سے خالی نہ ہوتی تھی۔ ان کی عمر اسی (۸۰) کے قریب تھی مگر ان کی طبیعت سدا بہار تھی، اسلئے اس زمانہ میں بھی نہ وہ کسی سوسائٹی کے لیے اجنبی ہوئے تھے اور نہ کوئی سوسائٹی ان کے لیے اجنبی تھی، ہر عمر ہر مذاق اور ہر طبقہ کے لوگوں سے ان کے یکساں تعلقات تھے، اور جس مجمع میں بیٹھتے اس میں گھل مل کر...
Sains (ilmu pengetahuan) merupakan sesuatu yang penting dalam agama Islam. Integrasi sains dan agama berarti berupaya untuk memadukan antara sains dan agama, tak harus berarti menyatukan atau bahkan mencampuradukan, karena identitas atau watak dari masing-masing kedua entitas itu tak mesti hilang dan harus tetap dipertahankan. Dalam paradigma Islam, integrasi antara agama dan sains adalah sesuatu yang mungkin adanya, karena didasarkan pada gagasan ke-Esa-an (tauhid). Sudah saatnya, sains dan agama harus menghadirkan kesadaran yang muncul lewat pandangan-pandangan yang lebih harmonis, holistik, dan komprehensif. Alat digital merupakan salah satu medium terbaik untuk tujuan tersebut. Artikel ini merangkum bagaimana Integrasi Ilmu dan Islamisasi Digital menciptakan ruang bagi umat Islam untuk menggabungkan spiritualitas dengan teknologi, menghasilkan dampak positif dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Dengan mengambil langkah-langkah menuju integrasi ini, umat Islam dapat menjaga identitas keagamaan mereka sambil tetap berkontribusi dalam era digital yang terus berkembang.
Technology supported teaching and learning environments are fast replacing the conventional face-to-face classes throughout the world. The situation is no different in Syria. However, research on educational use of technologies in Syrian context is limited. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore the use of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) for teaching reading and writing in English to a group of learners in Syria. Action research was adopted for the study. One cycle of action research could be completed which comprised four phases, i.e.; action planning, action taking, action monitoring and action evaluation. A VLE was created by using a combination of different technology tools such as a wiki and survey tool. Nine learners from the researcher's home city Salamieh, Syria participated in this study. Data were collected through online written semi-structured interviews, observation, reflective journal, test, and learners' work and reflection. The key findings of the study suggest that a teacher can create a VLE by selecting the available tools. VLE offers flexibility for learners who cannot avail formal education opportunities for themselves. Tasks that appeared suitable for reading and writing via VLE were those where learners were able to learn collectively. ICT tools used in the study were suitable for all stages of reading and writing processes. The facilitating factors of using VLE include the potential of VLE to provide individualized and instant learning opportunity. The study also showed that while learners lacked theoretical knowledge about ICT, they knew how to use these tools. Furthermore, a VLE can be used to promote collaboration and group work between learners. Issues related to poor ICT infrastructure and lack of reliable access to Internet in Syria and Pakistan posed problems. These findings have implications for how reading and writing in English could be taught in the Syrian context. Face-to-face activities can be modified to become suitable for VLE. Teacher education programmes will need to be modified to make room for the use of ICT for language teaching purposes. Recommendations for future research include determining the potential of VLEs for encouraging collaborative language learning. Other areas of research are also identified.