مولانا صفی الرحمان مبارک پوری
بہ روز جمعہ یکم دسمبر ۲۰۰۶ء کو مرکزی جمعیۃ اہل حدیث ہند کے سابق امیر اور صاحب الرحیق المختوم مولانا صفی الرحمان مبارک پوری نے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ضلع اعظم گڑھ میں مبارک پور پارچہ بافی کی صنعت کے لیے ایک مشہور قصبہ ہے جو علمی و تعلیمی حیثیت سے بھی ممتاز ہے اور یہ بعض بڑے علما و مصنفین کا مولد و مسکن بھی رہا ہے، مبارک پور سے متصل جانب شمال میں حسین آباد کی بستی میں مولانا صفی الرحمان صاحب ۱۹۴۲ء میں پیدا ہوئے۔
انہوں نے جامعہ فیض عام مؤ سے درس نظامی کی تحصیل کی اور اسی دوران الٰہ آباد بورڈ کے امتحانات مولوی اور عالم بھی پاس کئے، تعلیمی مرحلہ ختم کرنے کے بعد کئی مدارس میں تدریسی خدمات انجام دیں، ۱۹۷۱ء کی ہند و پاک کی جنگ کے زمانے میں وہ جامعتہ الرشاد سے وابستہ تھے، اس زمانے میں دارالمصنفین اکثر آتے اور کتب خانے سے استفادہ کرتے، مجھ سے اور مولوی ابوعلی عبدالباری صاحب مرحوم سے بہت بے تکلف ہوگئے تھے اور مختلف علمی ،دینی اور قومی و سیاسی مسائل پر گفتگو کرتے، اس سے ان کی ذہانت، قوت گویائی، اچھی صلاحیت اور مسائل حاضرہ سے باخبری کا انداز ہوتا، ہونہار بروا کے چکنے چکنے پات۔
مگر جامعۃ الرشاد سے ان کا تعلق بہت کم عرصے تک رہا اور بالآخر وہ اپنی اصلی جگہ پہنچ گئے یعنی جامعہ سلفیہ بنارس میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت انہیں تفویض کی گئی، یہاں ان کی مخفی صلاحیتیں جلاپانے لگیں، تقریر و خطابت کا ملکہ تو پہلے ہی سے ان میں نمایاں تھا، یہاں آکر قلم نے بھی گل کاریاں شروع کیں تو جامعہ کے ماہانہ رسالہ ’’محدث‘‘ کی ادارت کی ذمہ داری ان کو سپرد کی گئی جسے انہوں نے حسن...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang niat konsumen menggunakan teknologi baru, dengan menguji aplikasi mobile banking. Penelitian ini mengukur hubungan antara ekpektasi kinerja dan resiko yang dirasakan terhadap niat prilaku untuk menggunakan mobile banking. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu nasabah Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) cabang Rantauprapat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian surve dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa langkah, meliputi: uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji statistik deskriptif, uji confirmatory, uji outlier, uji struktural equation model, serta pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ekspektasi kinerja berpengaruh secara positif terhadap niat prilaku nasabah untuk menggunakan mobile banking. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa resiko yang diterima juga berpengaruh secara positif terhadap niat nasabah untuk menggunakan mobile banking, yang artinya semakin tinggi resiko yang dirasakan oleh nasabah semakin rendah niat nasabah untuk menggunakan mobile banking, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa niat yang tinggi akan berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan mobile banking
Industrial effluents contain heavy metals. These are toxic. When released in environment these affect public health. When present in low concentration, conventional treatment technologies have limited capacity to remove them. In addition these are not cost effective. Microbial biosorbents may be used as an economical option. The objective of this research work was to study the potential of various biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals. The biomass of three bacterial strain of Bacillus sp. and three yeast strain of Candida sp was produced in laboratory. The biomass of each strain was then immobilized separately using calcium alginate. This process resulted in beads which were dried at 70 oC. This improved their mechanical properties. Three biosorbents were prepared from Bacillus sp. i.e. (1) immobilized Bacillus circulans beads (IBCB), (2) immobilzed Bacillus licheniformis beads (IBLB) and (3) immobilized Bacillus subtilis beads (IBSB). From Candida sp., the three biosorbent prepared were (1) immobilized Candida lypolytica beads (ICLB) (2) immobilized Candida tropical beads (ICTB) and (3) immobilized Candida utilus beads (ICUB). Removal of cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc ions was studied for batch and continuous flow process. The interaction between the biosorbent and metal ions was confirmed using FTIR and SEM analysis. FTIR analysis showed that the functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, amines, amides and alcohol were mainly involved in the binding of metal ions on the biosorbent. The SEM micrographs revealed changes in the surface morphology of the biosorbents. After the biosorption of heavy metal ions cavities and fissions appeared showing adsorption of heavy metals ions. Cadmium biosorption process was investigated using the ICTB, ICUB, IBLB and IBSB. The optimum value of pH for the ICTB and ICUB was 5.17 whereas for IBLB and IBSB ranged from 5.18 to 5.92. Among these four biosorbents the IBSB showed the better performance for the removal of cadmium ions with maximum biosorption capacity of 225.56 mg g-1 at 25 oC, optimum pH and equilibrium time of 3 h. The significance of different parameters for the biosorption process of cadmium ions was analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance). It was found out that initial concentration of metal ions was most important parameter affecting biosorption ~ ii ~ Lead biosorption process was investigated using the ICTB, ICUB and IBSB. Batch studies showed that the optimum value of the pH for ICTB and ICUB was 4.85 whereas for IBSB it ranged from 4.85 to 5.78. Among the three biosorbents tested IBSB showed the highest efficiency with maximum biosorption capacity of 663.41 mg g-1 at 25 o C, optimum pH and equilibrium time of 2 h. Batch studies for nickel ions showed that the optimum pH value for the ICLB, ICTB and ICUB was 6.62 whereas for the IBCB, IBLB and IBLB was 6.04. Among these six biosorbents ICTB showed the best performance with maximum biosorption capacity of 160.49 mg g-1 at 25 oC, optimum pH and equilibrium time of 3 h. Zinc biosorption process was investigated using the ICLB, ICTB, ICUB and IBSB. The optimum value of the pH for ICLB, ICTB and ICUB was 5.17 and for IBSB was 6.35. Batch studies showed that among the four biosorbents ICUB showed best performance with biosorption capacity of 149.70 mg g-1 at 25 oC, optimum pH value and equilibrium time of 4 h. Removal of cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc, in continuous flow, was studied using three columns with internal diameter of 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0 cm. Depth of each column was varied from 20 to 50 cm. Best biosorbent for each metal, resulting from batch studies, was used for the dynamics studies. The dynamics biosorption data was investigated using the various column models. The uptake capacity for the cadmium ions, in column studies, was 48.93 mg g-1of IBSB. It was achieved in fixed bed with column having internal diameter of 2.4 cm, bed depth 20 cm, influent concentration 30 mg l-1 and flow rate of 20 ml min-1. Under similar operating parameters the uptake capacities for the lead ions was 178.57 mg g-1 of IBSB, for nickel ions was 31.28 mg g-1 of ICTB and for zinc ions was 29.50 mg g-1 of ICUB. The maximum uptake capacity of the biosorbents increased with the increase in the bed depth of the column, decrease in flow rate and decrease in internal column diameter for all the four heavy metal ions. In both the batch and continuous biosorption process the metal ions loaded biosorbents were successfully regenerated using the 0.1 M HCl solution. About 99 percent of the adsorbed metal ions were recovered in concentrated solution form. The regeneration proved successful for five consecutive cycles. This could be a major breakthrough in cyclic/commercial use of these immobilized biosorbents (IBs).