The thesis is a systematic study of the causes of emigration, particularly of human capital flows and human capital flight (i.e., brain drain) from Pakistan to 27 destination countries over the past 36 years. The study reviews relevant Pakistani migration history, summarizes and compares models of migration, review empirical studies from multiple disciplines, develops a bi-polar specification of gravity model based on push and pull factors and augmented by a neo-classical utilitarian approach of migration, locates relevant data from Pakistan and 27 major destination countries, construct indices from drivers of human capital mobility using principal component and principal factor analysis, presents dynamic analyses of the drivers of human capital mobility from Pakistan with panel unit root tests, pairwise panel Granger causality test and dynamic ordinary least squares co-integration regressions, and interprets the results with particular attention to differences by regional destinations and to policy implications. Over all the empirical findings support the underlying theories of migration, and helps to conclude that in an over-populated country like Pakistan, unplanned brain-drain need to be re-oriented: first, to take the form of planned brain-export to improve the national balance sheet through foreign earnings in form of foreign direct investment and remittances from overseas Pakistanis and secondly, through the return of experienced Pakistani diaspora and through the realization of professional and technical education in case of brain circulation
Some things we can not drive and achieve ethics from wisdom and philosophical thought. Just as Jinnah (Jinn). Literary word Jinnah (jinn ) is derive from the Arabic alphabet means to hide or cancel. Thus as their description suggests that they are invisible physically. Different views has been recorded and reported that these are not a created being, just a doubt or (whim) but others believe them a creature not a result of any hidden feeling sense of thought but here sacred jurisprudence (shari’ah) states that they are created one like humans having proper way of youth and puberty, having domestic life and science suffered towards death lastly human eye can not see us bound to fulfill the requirement of shari’ah and observed to keep in different sects and tribes persuasion like us. Human and jinnat as power and authority. Quran proves courtery which we can not ignore. “ I did not create the jinns and human except to worship me”(51/56). Islamic jurisprudence is the best source to prove to existence of jinns with beliefs and thick proof as Rab e kareem say, s “ Indeed we created man from dried clay of black smooth mud and we created the jinn before that from the smokeless flame of fire”.(15: 26/27)
The field of fisheries study has employed many tools such as morphometric and proximate analysis to differentiate fish population and fish composition. Morphometrics could be referring as a more or less interwoven set of largely statistical procedures for analyzing variability in size and shape of organs and organisms. Morphometric differences among stocks of a species are recognizing as important for evaluating the population structure and as a basis for identifying stocks. Proximate body composition of a fish provides percentages of various body contents i.e. water, fat, ash, protein in the body. It also illustrates the health and physiological condition. Esomus danrica is an admired for food fish in a small indigenous fish species. Regression has been applyed as a statistical tool to assess the effect of body size and condition on proximate composition of E. danrica. The mean ? standard deviation of total length = 6.86 ? 0.89 with ranges = 5.30 to 8.70 and Wet body weight = 2.94 ? 1.35 with ranges = 1.38 to 6.15 were estimated in morphometric parameters. Similarly, the mean ? standard deviation of total length (cm) = 6.87 ? 0.9075992 with ranges 5.60 ? 8.70 and Body weight (g) 3.04 ? 1.3871268 with ranges = 1.68 ? 6.15 were calculated in proximate body. The relationships between %water and various body constituents in wet body weight showed ash = 3%, fat = 5%, protein= 18% and water = 73%. The relationships between various body constituents in dry body weight estimated that ash = 12%, fat = 20% and protein = 68%.It concluded that to future prospects it is very important through nutritional value because it has large amount of protein. This study has been very helpful for ichthyologists, taxonomists and nutrition experts to know the nutritional value of small size fish. Additionally, the first reference for proximate body composition for Esomus danrica has been provided.