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Home > Dynamics of Voting Behavior in Pakistan: A Case Study of Selected Districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 2003-2013

Dynamics of Voting Behavior in Pakistan: A Case Study of Selected Districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 2003-2013

Thesis Info

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Author

Lal Badshah

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Sociology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12104/1/Lal%20Badshah%20sociology%202020%20uni%20of%20peshwar%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724639336

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This study was conducted on identifying the “Dynamics of Voting Behaviour in Pakistan: A Case Study of Selected Districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2002- 2013)”. It is a quantitative study aimed at knowing the dynamics of voting behaviour in the past three elections (2002, 2008 and 2013), with major purpose to see the changing trend in the mentioned elections. It was proceeded with 292 respondents who had cast vote in any of the target elections and they were asked through Likert scale questionnaire under purposive sampling technique. Originally, the sample size was 300 but none of women voted in sampled election in District Dir Upper due to conservative culture and consensus of all political parties not to let women cast their vote which reduced the sample size from 300 to 292. Major objectives of the study were to identify the association between social factors and voting behaviour in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; to see the relationship of political factors with voting behaviour; and to explore the association between propaganda factors and voting behaviour in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study includes voting behaviour as dependent variable whereas independent variables include social factors, political factors and propaganda factors. Univariate and bivariate analyses were drawn. The study found a significant association of social factors such as family, biradari, feudalism, religion, political discussion at home among family members and personal interests with voting behaviour. However, ethnicity, social class and religious sects were not found in association with voting behaviour. The changing scenario was observed as the percentage of vote casting as personal decision increased with every successive election. Among social factors, family was identified as a major influencing factor of voting behaviour but its importance got diminished with each passing election and similarly the influence of biradari influence remained restricted to some areas. Religion was highly significant in election 2002 but lost its ground to other factors in the subsequent elections. The influence of landlordism was although slight but consistent in the sampled elections. The study also reveals that political factors such as party affiliation, performance evaluation, issues evaluation and party ideology were significantly associated with voting behaviour. Voting based on candidate affiliation was dropped while voting based on party affiliation increased in each successive election. Party leadership was non-significant in election 2002 and 2008 but came up as a significant factor in election 2013. Rest of the political factors remained consistent in influence in the sampled elections. Propaganda factors including public speeches by the politicians, news items in newspapers, TV talk shows and campaign on social media were significantly associated with the voting behaviour mainly in election 2013. However, door to door canvassing decreased in election 2013. Campaign on social media influenced none of the respondents in the elections 2002 and 2008, while it remained highly significant in election 2013. In addition, the study finds least women’s participation in the voting process. The study recommends that the local political leadership as well as Election Commission of Pakistan should come forward to actively launch an awarenesscreating movement regarding the importance of vote in the sampled areas towards increasing the participation ratio of women’s voting.
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دکھاں دی پنڈ چائی جاواں

دکھاں دی پنڈ چائی جاواں

دکھی سجن بنائی جاواں
دکھ سمیٹاں جگ دے سارے

سکھاں نال وٹائی جاواں
دکھیاں نوں میں سینے لاکے

سکھاں سیر کرائی جاواں
ہر پاسے ای کیرے کر کے

پھلاں باغ لگائی جاواں
جنہاں روگ اولے لگے

اوہناں روگ ونڈائی جاواں
ونڈاں خوشیاں تے ودھ جاون

ونڈاں دکھ گھٹائی جاواں

تعزیرات پاکستان میں سزائے موت سے متعلقہ دفعات کا شرعی قوانین سے تقابلی جائزہ

Law plays a pivotal role in the establishment of any peaceful society. Islam, being proactive, devised important rules about 1400 years back for the safety of Deen, life, wealth, wisdom and Generation. Qatal (murder) is a crime of taking soul of a humanbeing, about which Islam has announced Qisas i.e to do with assissinater what he has done it to killed human being. In the same manner Pakistan penal Code has gathered rules about crimes steped out in Pakistan. So Pakistan penal code, under several sections has the same punishment. This artcle throws light on Pakistan penal code sections about death Senctance in perspective of Islamic imperium, order and explanation.

Genetic and Molecular Characterization of the Patientswith Intellectual Disability from Khuzdar

Intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which intellectual functioning is affected and discrepancies are present in at least two adaptive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association 2000). It develops before age 18 and intelligence quotient is below 70 of affected person. Its prevalence is approximately 1% to 3%.in all over the world. Mostly its cases are heterogenic in nature. Although it is present in all parts of the world, but developing countries are affected more, where standard of living is low and consanguinity is more common. It may be due to the prevailing environment in cultures where socioeconomic status of people is not good. Two main reasons of ID are genomic and external factors like environment. In developed countries, it is mostly due to genetic factors, but the underlying cause is not determined in most cases. Genetic factors can be chromosomal aberrations, X-linked, autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant or de novo mutations. In contrast to past few decades, now it is assumed that autosomal-recessive forms of non-syndromic MR (NS-ARMR) are more prevailing than X-linked mental retardation. Although these autosomal recessive gene abnormalities are the common culprits in intellectual disability, yet there is very little research about them. In present study five families from various areas of Khuzdar were enrolled. These families have two or more members suffering from intellectual disability. A complete medical history was obtained to minimize likelihood of other problems like environmental issues. Then sequencing of TRAPPC9 gene is performed and results show variants in three families. Family 1 and 2 showed synonymous variant in exon 11 of TRAPPC9 gene at c.1692 C>T (p.Asn564Asn), where nucleotide sequence changes from AAC>AAT but amino acid does not change (rs12549048). Family 1 also showed missense mutation in exon 19, c.2797 G>A (p.Gly933Ser), where change from GGT>AGT results in substitution of Serine instead of Glycine (rs114949291). Family 5 show missense changes in exon 18 of this gene, at c.2647 G>A (p.Glu883Lys), where change from GAA>AAA results in Lysine instead of Glutamic acid (rs1202087896).