منشی پریم چند
افسوس ہے کہ اس جلسہ میں ہندی اور ہندوستانی کا وہ ادیب موجود نہ تھا، جس کا قلم ان دونوں دریاؤں کا سنگم تھا، یعنی منشی پریم چند، ماسوف علیہ نے اسی مہینہ اپنے دوستوں کو آخری الوداع کہا اور اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، ان کے قلم نے کم از کم پچیس برس تک اپنے دیہاتی بھائیوں کی کہانی اپنے شہری بھائیوں کو سنائی، وہ زبان کے پرجوش فصیح و بلیغ نہ تھے، ان کی عبارت تکلف و بناوٹ سے پاک اور حددرجہ سادی تھی، ان کی کہانیوں کا اثر ان کی زبان میں نہ تھا، بلکہ ان کے بیان میں تھا، انہوں نے ہمارے دیہاتی تمدن، ہندوستانی وضع و آداب اور ہندی اخلاقی آن بان کی جو تصویر کھینچی ہیں وہ ہمارے ادبی مرقع کی زندہ جاوید یادگاریں ہیں۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی،نومبر ۱۹۳۶ء)
This research is conducted, in order to analyze the students’ academic performance at secondary school level in Pakistan. This is a case study conducted in Hyderabad Division of Sindh Province in Pakistan. The study was focused to the students who have passed matriculation class (Class-X), equivalent to secondary level in Pakistan(10 years of education). Sample size of 1097 higher Secondary level students were randomly selected from various colleges and schools in a way that around 150 students should take part in the survey from each institute. The sample selection was further divided on gender (Male = 448, Female = 648) and locale (Urban=455, Rural=641) basis. A data collection questionnaire was developed by the researchers and implemented for data collection. After collection of the data from desired population, the statistical analysis based on Pearson’s Chi-square and Correlation models were carried out in SPSS. The conclusion inferred from the data analysis of the study, strongly revealed that the students’ academic achievement at high school secondary level was highly associated to their parent’s educational level and socio-economic background. Therefore, it is strongly recommended financial condition of the population must be enhanced by taking appropriate measures. In order to coup tough financial conditions at their homes, deprived students should be provided adequate scholarships. Free stationary and books should also be provided at schools.
The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education has revolutionized teacher education and use of innovative approaches in teaching methodology has changed teaching and learning process. To find out the impact of ICT in teacher education, this study was conducted to (i) examine the level of integration of ICT in exiting pre-service Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) program offered by Government Colleges of Education and Provincial Institute of Teacher Education, (ii) evaluate the competency deficiencies of teacher educators in use of ICT in teaching and learning process, (iii) analyze the need assessment of B.Ed trainees in terms of use of ICT and, (iv) develop ICT-supported training model for teacher educators. The population of the study was four (04) male and female Heads of institutions, thirty seven (37) teacher educators of B.Ed classes and four hundred and nine (342) B.Ed trainees of all Government Colleges of Education including Provincial Institute of Teacher Education. The census sampling was used to select all the four (04) Heads of the institutions and thirty seven (37) teacher educators. However, a simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of B.Ed trainees. The sample thus consisted of four (04) male and female Heads of institutions, thirty seven (37) teacher educators of B.Ed classes and one hundred forty seven (147) B.Ed trainees of all Government Colleges of Education including Provincial Institute of Teacher Education. A mixed method approach, using both quantitative and quantitative method, a concurrent triangulation strategy, was used for this study. Data was collected through questionnaires, focus group discussion, in-depth interviews and classroom observations. The questionnaires were designed to collect the quantitative data and focus group v discussion, in-depth interviews and classroom observations were used to obtain the in- depth knowledge for qualitative analysis. In addition to this research, the researcher conducted pilot test for the application of developed ICT-supported model in routine class courses focusing integration of ICT in teaching and learning process. The findings of study show the very low level of ICT-supported teaching due to lack of facilities and resources, but study found very positive perceptions among the teacher educators, heads of institutions and B.Ed trainees towards integration of ICT in teacher education program. The overwhelming majority of respondents showed willingness to use ICT in classroom teaching. However, the study found that teacher educators require more training on new ICT-integrated pedagogical approaches for the improvement of their ICT skills. The pilot testing of model found significant impact on teaching and learning process. The research suggests several key reforms for policy makers and recommendations for head of institutions, teacher educators and B.Ed trainees. For policy makers, this study proposes that teacher education curriculum should be revised and reforms be made in assessment method using ICT according to the international standards along with the provision of ICT tools and digitalization of classrooms. The study also recommends that at college level, heads of institutions may make serious attempt to encourage ICT-supported environment for both teacher educators and B.Ed trainees and existing resources be fully utilized at maximum level. In addition, the B.Ed trainees be encouraged by teacher educators to prepare the assignment using electronic sources and project-based techniques, evaluation methods, and computer based assessment be used by teacher educators to encourage integration of ICT in teaching learning and assessment process.