As the sense of fashion and modernism improves day by day the requests for apparel and clothing also increases. Hence, different kinds of garments, clothing and home textiles are industrialized to fulfill the increasing demands. Faisalabad; a city of Pakistan, is known for its different material enterprises. On the opposite side, this city additionally involved plentiful rural land. In Faisalabad irrigation is commonly done by reused sewage water from these textile units due to scarcity of better quality water. Agriculturists use surplus water to raise their crops as they consider it a healthier spring of nutrients, taking as substitution of excellent quality water round of the year. Heavy metals, i.e. lead, chromium, cadmium, and copper etc. are present in textile dyes which are used to assemble the dyestuffs. These metals which have been moved to the surroundings are noxious and can piled up` in the human body, water bodies and may incorporate in to the soil. To reclaim the metal degraded soils different practices are existing, amongst one is to incorporate organic and inorganic amendments in polluted soils to lessen the entry of metals into food chain by immobilizing them. Considering these evidences, a project was designed to observe the effect of organic and inorganic amendments to diminish the uptake of lethal metals in plants from textile effluent. Three tests were performed. In the first investigation the effluent acquired from different textile mills situated at different locations in Faisalabad and physico-chemical characterization of these effluent samples was done to check the pollution load. Heavy metal substances were also resolute in these samples by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results revealed that all the effluent samples had a substantial quantity of pollutants especially chromium (Cr) metal which was present in higher concentration as compared to other heavy metals. On the basis of results, it was determined that Dawood Textile Industry generated more polluted effluent containing high contents of Cr and drained out it in the main drains without treatment. Hence effluent was collected from Dawood Textiles to use it for irrigation in second and third experiments. In second experiment accumulation of Cr in shoots and roots of spinach was checked. In third trial effectiveness of poultry manure (PM) and gypsum to immobilize the Cr was checked. Vegetables were reaped at maturity. Growth and physiological parameters were analyzed. Plant samples were also examined for Cr and micronutrients concentration. The post-harvest soil was tested for chemical analysis and Cr concentration was also analyzed at the completion of the trial. The outcomes of various concentration of textile water 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100% on growth of spinach revealed that control plants had improved growth as there was no stress of effluents while major decrease in growth was noted in plants where 100% textile effluent was applied. Cr concentration was also high in plants irrigated with 100% textile effluent. The organic and inorganic amendments were reduced the uptake of Cr and also improved growth and physiology of plants. Moreover, from different levels of both the amendments poultry manure @ 1% with the combination of 50% textile effluent concentration proved to be more operative in dropping the uptake of Cr to different plant parts.
جہالت ترقی کی دشمن ہے نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم معززصدر ومیرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر گفتگو کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’جہالت ترقی کی دشمن ہے ‘‘ صدرِذی وقار! اس کائنات رنگ و بو میں جو رنگینیاں نظر آرہی ہیں، جو رعنائیاں نمونہ دھنک پیش کر رہی ہیں، گلستانِ ہستی میں جو بہار آئی ہوئی ہے، چمنستانِ حیات نے جو اپنا بھرم قائم رکھا ہوا ہے۔ عنادلِ خوش الحان کی جو مترنم صدائیں گونج رہی ہیں، یہ سب کی سب شعور و آگہی کی مرہونِ منت ہیں۔ جنابِ صدر! علم ایک ایسا نور ہے جو جہالت کی تار یک عباؤں کو تار تار کر دیتا ہے، آفتاب علم و دانش کی نور فشاں کرنیں جب ظلمت کدہ ٔجہالت پر پڑتی ہیں تو وہ بقعۂ نور بن جاتا ہے، عروج و ترقی کے راستے میں موجود رکاوٹیں ختم ہوجاتی ہیں، زندگی حسن و جمال کا مرقعّ بن جاتی ہے۔ محترم صدر! تاریخ کے اوراق شاہد ہیں کہ جس نے بھی اپنے آپ کوعلم کے زیور سے مرصعّ کیا، اپنے سر پر معرفت وآ گہی کا تاج سجایا، اپنی کشتِ شعور و عقل کی علم و دانش کے ذریعے آبیاری کی ، اپنے قلب و اذہان کو بذریعہ علم و آ گہی طراوت بخشی ، علم و دانش کی خلعتِ فاخرہ زیب تن کی اللہ تعالیٰ نے انہیں عروج و ترقی کی مسند کا صدرنشین بنادیا۔ صدرمحترم! جہالت واقعی ترقی کی دشمن ہے، ترقی کے مناظر دلکش دیکھنے کے لیے ،عروج کے لازوال نظاروں کی منظر کشی کرنے کے لیے، جہالت کی عینک کو اتارنا ہوگا، لا پرواہی اور غفلت کے حصار سے باہر آنا ہو گا ، تساہل پسندی کی خصلت قبیحہ کو نیست و نابود...
Monosodium Glutamate is the scientific name of Chinese salt, which also called Ajinomoto. Monosodium Glutamate was first discovered by the Japanese chemist Ikeda Kibunae in 1908. The MSG was firstly derived from seaweed. Later on MSG was got from meat, gluten, and vegetables etc. It can be derived from Najas ul ‘ain and Gher Najas ul ‘ain things. If it was got from Najas ul ‘ain, then there is a question about MSG that is it halal (permissible/ lawful) or haram (non-permissible/unlawful). This research in this article is concluded that if the culture of MSG is halal or the proper Istihalah has been done in Najas; MSG will be halal (permissible/ lawful). However, where no such details are available about the culture of MSG, it should be avoid, although it cannot be declared haram as per Islamic Jurisprudence rules.
Calcium and manganese perform various important biological functions within the plant body, including signal transduction, proper cell wall formation, photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation etc. Calcium and manganese exist in the form of ions within cells. P2- type calcium ATPases are responsible for maintaining homeostasis of these ions in both domains of life. P2- type ATPases are further divided into P2A (ECAs) and P2B- types (ACAs). In present research work, BLAST searches in different databases were conducted for the retrieval of calcium ATPase sequences of selected monocots and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. Furthermore, Triticum aestivum plants were grown under calcium and manganese stress using hydroponic culture. The tissue generated was used to find out the expression of selected P2A and P2B- type calcium ATPases under manganese and calcium stress. Moreover, an ECA3 construct was generated and it was transformed into yeast model (Pmr1) to find out the possible role of this gene in manganese nutrition. Overall, phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of evolutionary relatedness among P2- type calcium ATPases. High expression of selected ACAs was observed in T. aestivum plants grown under calcium stress, which gave clues to the role of ACAs in signal transduction in T. aestivum. High expression of selected T. aestivum ECAs under calcium and manganese stress was also observed which may indicate the potential roles of these ATPases in calcium and manganese nutrition in T. aestivum. Additionally, ECA3 gene (which is a P2A- type ATPase) was amplified using T. aestivum cDNA and sequenced subsequently. The data indicated that it retained introns in some of the transcripts. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that events of intron retention in ECA3 transcripts were much enhanced when plants were exposed to calcium stress. ECA3 construct was further transformed into yeast mutant Pmr1, which is a null mutant for xi its own manganese pump and cannot grow on high manganese concentration in the medium. Interestingly, ECA3 rescued the phenotype and helped the mutant to grow successfully on manganese toxic media. This further indicated, the importance of ECA3 in manganese translocation in T. aestivum. Hence, ECA3 gene is reported here as first P2A- type pump identified in T. aestivum and is required for manganese management in this species. its own manganese pump and cannot grow on high manganese concentration in the medium. Interestingly, ECA3 rescued the phenotype and helped the mutant to grow successfully on manganese toxic media. This further indicated, the importance of ECA3 in manganese translocation in T. aestivum. Hence, ECA3 gene is reported here as first P2A- type pump identified in T. aestivum and is required for manganese management in this species.