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Effectiveness of Inquiry Approach for Addressing the Misconceptions of Students in Mathematics at Secondary Level

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Mehmood, Khalid

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13403/1/Khalid%20mehmood%20education%202019%20arid%20rwp%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724668085

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The present study was an attempt to find out the effectiveness of inquiry approach for addressing the misconceptions of students in Mathematics at secondary level. It is a well-known fact that students enter in classroom with a lot of misconceptions in Mathematics, which are based on their beliefs and observations. The main objectives of this research study were to identify the students’ misconceptions in Mathematics at secondary level, to find out the causes of students’ misconceptions in Mathematics at secondary level, to compare the level of misconceptions in boys and girls at secondary level, to apply the conceptual change instructional strategy based on inquiry approach in class room and to find out the effectiveness of inquiry approach as conceptual change instructional strategy for addressing the students’ misconceptions in Mathematics. The nature of the research study was experimental and pre-test, post-test control group design was used. The population of the study was all the secondary school students of District Attock. The two schools were purposively selected for study. 160 science students (80male and 80 female) of 9th Grade from each school were constituted as a random sample of the study. Students of each school were divided into two equivalent groups of male and female students i.e. control and experimental group on the basis of Pre-test achievements. Achievement test was used to explore misconceptions of the students after validation of the instrument. The Mathematics teachers with equal qualification and experience were trained for the said purpose. In each gender group one teacher taught control group and one teacher taught to experimental group. In control group traditional method was used and experimental group was taught by inquiry based approach. To find out the causes of misconceptions questionnaire was used. Post-test was administered after treatment to assess the difference in performance of all groups. After administration of three weeks of post-test, retention-test was also conducted. The data obtained was tabulated as well as analyzed to compute mean, standard deviation, chi-square and t-value. From results of the data, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made accordingly. The results depict that inquiry based method found to be better than of traditional method. This result is in the line with Abdi (2014) and the level of misconceptions of female students was found higher than of male students. It was recommended that there may be separate and well equipped classroom for Mathematics teaching in the schools like Physics, Chemistry and Biology to develop the interest of students in Mathematics. Sufficient time may be reserved in time table for the subject of Mathematics, as mathematics is time needed subjects.
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پروفیسر نجم الاسلام

پروفیسر نجم الاسلام
پروفسر نجم الاسلام ۱۳؍ فروری ۲۰۰۱؁ء کو لطیف آباد سندھ حیدرآباد میں وفات پاگئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم کی پیدائش ۱۹۳۳؁ء میں بجنور میں ہوئی تھی۔ میرٹھ کالج سے بی۔اے کیا اور یہیں سے حفیظ میرٹھی وغیرہ کے اشتراک سے ’’معیار‘‘ کے نام سے ایک ادبی ماہنامہ نکالا جس نے چند برسوں کے بعد دم توڑ دیا مگر تعمیری ادب کے نقوش چھوڑ گیا۔ انھوں نے اس میں چھپنے والے افسانوں اور ڈراموں کا ایک انتخاب ’’ابھرتی کرنیں‘‘ کے نام سے شائع کیا تھا۔
پاکستان جانے کے بعد انہوں نے سندھ یونیورسٹی سے ایم۔اے کیا اور ’’شمالی ہند کی قدیم اردو نثر‘‘ کے موضوع پر اردو فارسی کے مشہور فاضل اور ممتاز محقق پروفیسر ڈاکٹر غلام مصطفےٰ کی نگرانی میں ڈاکٹریٹ کا مقالہ لکھا، ان کے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد نجم الاسلام صاحب شعبہ اردو کے سربراہ مقرر ہوئے۔
سندھ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو کی جانب سے ۱۹۶۱؁ء میں انھوں نے ’’صریر خامہ‘‘ کے نام سے ایک ادبی مجلہ جاری کیا، ۱۹۸۷؁ء میں ان کی ادارت میں اسی شعبہ سے ایک معیاری اور بلند پایہ مجلہ ’’تحقیق‘‘ نکلا، جس نے ہندوستان و پاکستان کے بعض ممتاز محققین کے گوشے بھی شائع کئے، اس مجلہ میں راقم اپنے بعض پرانے مضامین دیکھ کر دنگ رہ گیا کہ وہ کہاں کہاں سے ڈھونڈ ڈھونڈ کر مضامین شائع کرتے تھے۔
خدا کرے یہ بلند پایہ مجلہ ان کے بعد بھی جاری رہے، مرحوم کی کئی کتابیں بھی چھپی ہیں ’’مطالعات‘‘ ان کے تحقیقی مضامین کا مجموعہ ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں غریق رحمت کرے، آمین! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۲۰۰۱ء)

An Analytical Study of the Outcomes and Impacts of Religious Education of Pakistan, the Challenges and Opportunities

This study focuses on the impact of Religious Education in Pakistan at individual and collective levels. The research discusses the educational basis for the study of religion and analyzes the contribution of religious education towards the intellectual growth of individuals. The study raises few questions regarding religious education in Pakistan such as; why has our education system been divided into religious and secular education system. Whether the existing religious education is able to create a linkage between religion and society or not, if not what are the areas which need to be focused. What are the possibilities of sidelining the religious education and what could be its effects. The research focuses on the aims and objectives or religious education in Pakistan by analyzing the nature of curriculums of religious education at various levels. This study highlights the deficiency of the inclusion of the teachings of other religions in our religious education. The research consists of a current survey of the said topic, some findings and conclusions on the issue and few recommendations as well.

Molecular Epidemiology of Dengue Virua Infectionand Full Length Characterization of Prevalent Genotypes in Pakistan

Dengue fever is one of the important and most common mosquitoe borne diseases in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Since 1994, the dengue fever is appearing as a fatal health hazard in Pakistan. Two severe outbreaks of dengue were recorded during the years-2011 in Punjab Province and 2013 in Swat District, wherein hundreds of people died and 1000s more remained with the potential risk of the fetal fever. This thesis encompasses molecular biology of the major dengue outbreaks of Pakistan in general and the first hand information on the dengue outbreak of the year 2013 in District Swat. In order to characterize the dengue virus (DENV), blood samples from 1795 dengue patients were obtained and analyzed through RT-PCR, for its epidemiology, evolutionary history and prevalent genotypes/serotypes of the outbreaks. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out through MEGA, PhyML software and selection pressure was determined through SLAC, REL and FEL methods implemented in Datamonkey software. Whereas Recombination Event Detection was analysed through GARD method and nucleotide and amino acid identities were determined throgu Clustal Omega. Results of the study were based upon the characterization of 4 complete sequences of DENV-2, 7 NS3 genome sequences of DENV-2 and 10 each of the C, E and NS3 gene sequences, of DENV-3. The results revealed that the active dengue infection in Swat District was 30.5% with the prevalence of DENV-2 and DENV-3 as 36.6 and 62.8 percent, respectively which shows that the major serotypes circulating in Swat were DENV-2 and DENV-3. Furthermore xii DENV-1 and DENV-4 were not detected in any of the sample collected from Swat. In Punjab Province during the 2011 outbreak the active infection was 58.5%, of which the prevalence of DENV-2 and DENV-3 was 41.8 and 38.0 percent, respectively, which figured-out that these two serotypes were mainly involved in the dengue outbreak of the year-2011. A limited incidence of DENV-4 and DENV-1 in 2011 outbreak in Punjab at the rate of 9.5 and 4.5 percent respectively was also recorded. Phylogenetic analysis based on both complete genomes and the NS3 gene sequences of DENV-2 grouped the Pakistani isolates as cosmopolitan genotypes. Wheras no recombination was detected in the entire genome of DENV-2 of Pakistani isolates. The phylogenetic analyses, percent nucleotides and amino acids identities of the complete genomes of DENV-2 indicated that the 2013 dengue outbreak in Swat was a continuation of the 2011 dengue infections in Punjab. Furthermore the Pakistani isolates wre found to be genetically more close to the Indian isolates based upon the nucleotide (97.1%) and amino acid (98.5%) identities. The selection pressure analyses revealed no positively selected sites in any of the genes of the DENV-2 among Pakistani isolates. However codon 65 of C, 155 of PrM, 203 of E and 254 of NS1 genes were under negative selection pressure. The highest substitution rate observed among amino acids residues of the ORF of all DENV-2 Pakistani isolates, was between arginine and lysine residues, followed by valine and isoleucine. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-3 on the basis of the complete E gene and NS3 gene sequences grouped the Pakistani isolates into the genotype III; recognized that the year’s 2013 xiii outbreak in Swat was the continuation of the previous outbreaks in Pakistan and the Pakistani DENV-3 isolates are more closely related to Indian and Chinese isolates. Analyses of the C gene of DENV-3 of the year-2011 were mostly conserved for lysine, arginine and asparagine. The viruses of the 2013 outbreak of Swat District showed the amino acids change for the nonpolar P (proline) and polar K (lysine) instead of R and N in the C gene. All the viruses isolated from the year-2011 dengue outbreak of Punjab showed a conserved pattern of nucleotides/amino acids as compared to the DENV-3 isolates of the dengue outbreak in Swat. This pattern may be due to one of the reasons that viruses established a severe infection in the relatively colder area of Swat and its adaptation to the new environment. Selection pressure analyses of NS3 genes of DENV-3 revealed no negatively or positively selected sites using all the three analytical tools. However codon 94 and 477 of the E genes turned out to be under negative selection pressure. From the selection pressure analysis it is assumed that the emergence and spread of dengue in Pakistan is more due to permissive ecological conditions than the drastic genetic changes in the viral gemome. Hence it is recommended that concerted efforts in terms of public awareness, vector control and household protection measures against dengue should be adopted to check its spread to other areas of Pakistan.