سلطان باہوؒ-شخصیت تے فن
جنہاں شاعراں نے پنجابی شاعری نوں اپنے اظہار دا وسیلہ قرار دتا۔ اوہناں دی ابتدا پاک پتن والے بابا فرید گنج شکر نے کیتی تے پھیر اوہناں دی دسی ہوئی راہ تے بہت سارے چل پئے جہناں وچوں اک ناں سلطان باہو دا وی اے۔
سلطان باہو دے ابیات ول نظر مارنے آن تے ایہناں دی مٹھی تے من کچھویں زبان دے نال نال ایہناں دی سرمدی کیفیت پڑھن والے نوں اک انوکھی جیہی روحانی کیفیت توں دوچار کردی وکھالی دیندی اے۔ ایس دی وجہ جانن لئی ساہنوں سلطان باہو دی حیاتی اتے اک اجمالی جیہی نظر پانی پوے گی۔
سلطان باہو شور کوٹ ضلع شورکوٹ جھنگ دے اک پنڈ ’’اعوان ۱۰۳۹ ہجری مطابق ۱۶۲۸ء نوں پیدا ہوئے تے ۱۱۰۶ ہجری نوں ۶۳ ورہیاں دی عمر وچ وصال فرمایا آپ دے والد حضرت بازید بڑے متقی، عالم تے حافظ قرآن ہون دے نال نال مغل فوج دے چنگے عہدے دار سن۔ آکھیا جاندا اے کہ اوہناں دی بہادری پاروں شاہ جہان نے شورکوٹ ضلع جھنگ دے نیڑے اک پنڈ ’’قہرگان‘‘ وچ کوئی ۵۰ ہزار وگھے زمین...
The word (Adab) , contrary to its present equitant in English language (literature) , has an interesting background and exciting history. This word went through many developments in its meaning and senses during different periods of the literary history of Arabic literature. Linguistics took keen interest in each and every change and development came into its meaning. They thoroughly studied this word, throughout the literary history of Arabic literature, and tried to link between its early root meaning "(giving a banquet) or (feast) ", and its present meaning (literature) . This article is aimed to study the evolution and development came in the meanings and senses of the word (Adab) from the very first stage of Arabic literature i. e. Pre-lslamic Period till the modern period.
Aluminum/carbon nanotubes (Al-CNTs) composite is an encouraging candidate material for aerospace applications due to its expected high strength-to-weight ratio. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer remarkable reinforcements owing to their high specific strength and specific modulus. However, uniform dispersion and wetting of the CNTs is extremely difficult in molten aluminum, due to large difference in surface tension forces of the two components. In present work, the dispersion issue was improved using induction melting technique, where innate stirring action of induction melting dispersed the nanotubes in molten aluminum. The wetting was improved using a multifunction flux (titanate of potassium), which, when was incorporated in molten mixture of aluminum and CNTs having, instigated in-situ reactions to form titanium carbides on the surface of the nanotubes causing increased wetting of CNTs by molten aluminum. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and mechanical testing. Refinement in crystallite size was achieved down to ~150 nm and a corresponding increase in lattice strain up to ~3.46x10-3 was observed in the composites. A simultaneous increase in v i yield strength ~208 %, tensile strength ~218 %, and hardness ~100 % was observed. However, the decrease in the ductility of the composite associated with the strengthening of the matrix was <25 %. Additionally, stress relaxation behavior of the annealed composite was improved by ~30 % compared with pure aluminum. Consequently, the stress relaxation rate of the composite was decreased even beyond the yield strength of the annealed pure aluminum. Therefore, induction melting and usage of the flux for improvement in the dispersion and wetting of the nanotubes, respectively, appeared to be a potential method to fabricate Al-CNTs composites.