پروڈکشن ہاؤس کے نام پر جنسی استحصال
یہ ناول نگار کا مشاہدہ ،تخلیق اور تحقیق ہے جو انھیں دوسروں سے نمایا ں کرتی ہے۔وہ بے باکی سے اپنامدعا بیان کرتے ہیں۔ناول نگار نے ظفر عالم کا ذکر کیا ہے کہانی میں جو کہ پروڈکشن ہاؤس چلاتے ہیں اور ان کی بیگم وہاں پہ ٹیچر ہیں۔وہ لڑکیوں کو پروڈکشن کے کام سکھاتی ہیں۔ضامن کی جب ان سے ملاقات ہوئی تو وہ اسی کشمکش میں تھا کہ وہ ضامن سے کیوں ملنا چاہتے ہیں۔پہلے ہی اس کے دل ودماغ میں ذیشان اور شیزہ کے حوالے سے سوالات کے انبار تھے۔ضامن نے ظفر عالم سے ملاقات کے بعد اس کے نتائج بھی کچھ یوں نکالے:
’’مجھے یہ شخص پورے سسٹم کا مرکزی کردارمعلوم ہورہا تھااور اس کی بیوی جسے وہ ٹیچر بتارہاتھا۔میں اچھی طرح جانتا تھا یہ شوبز ڈیزاننگ انڈسٹری دوسرے لفظوں میں سیکس انڈسٹری ہوتی ہے‘‘ (25)
یہ ایک معمہ تھا۔ضامن کیلئے وہ الجھتا جارہا تھا۔ناول نگار کی تحریر شعور زیست کے ساتھ ساتھ شعار زیست بھی دیتی ہے جو قاری میں ترفع پیدا کرنے کا موجب بنتی ہے۔بہر حال قاری کے دل ودماغ کو شعور تب ملنا شروع ہوا جب ضامن، ذیشا ن اور شیزہ دونوں کے ساتھ ایک فلیٹ پر رہنے آگیا۔وہ ایک عجیب قسم کا فلیٹ تھاکبھی دوست آتے، بہت چہل ہوتی ،کبھی بہت خاموشی ،کبھی رقص کی محفل ،کبھی انتہائی بیزاری محسوس ہوتی تھی اور سب سے بڑھ کر ضامن جو شیزہ کی محبت میں گرفتار ہو کر فیصلہ نہیں کر پارہا تھاکہ ہو کیا رہا ہے۔
ناول نگار نے بے پردگی کی ایک ایسی فضا قائم کی ہے جو قاری کو سوچوں میں گم چھوڑ دیتی ہے۔وہ سوچتا رہتا ہے کہ کیا اخلاقیات...
Background of the study: Mechanical pain of musculoskeletal origin, known as nonspecific LBP (NSLBP), has symptoms that change depending on the type of physical activity [1]. About 85% of her LBP patients present in primary care settings are NSLBP patients.
Methodology: Randomized control trial (RCT) conducted between between January 2020 and October, 2021, Rawal General and Dental Hospital and Al-Nafees, the hospital in Islamabad. Thirty patients were included in the study. Two participants were discontinued. There were two groups of patients i.e., 15 patients in the KT group and 13 patients in the DN group diagnosed of NSCLBP by orthopedic surgeon and referral to outpatient physiotherapy clinic. The Sample size was calculated using the OpenEpi scale. The Consent form was filled out by the participants before the initiation of the study. Pain Rating Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Index Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Global patient rating scale (PGR) were assessed at baseline, two weeks post-intervention and four weeks post-treatment.
Results: Before treatment, there were no differences between the groups for PNRS, RMDQ and PGR. Both DN and KT produced significant improvements in all baseline measures (PNRS, RMDQ and PGR) after two weeks and four weeks of treatment (p<0.05). Considerable improvements were observed in all variables in both groups after treatment. However, Statistical analysis ANOVA showed no significant differences in almost all measures between groups. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Kinesio-taping is as effective as DN in managing back pain. When treating back pain, adding DN or KT to your exercise program can make a significant contribution to your treatment.
Circulation of multiple subtypes (A, G and CRFs 02_AG) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in select districts of Punjab province, Pakistan Owing to consistent genetic mutation and recombination, various escape mutants and/or drug-resistant mutants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) are emerging worldwide. Therefore, an understanding towards genomic characteristics of prevailing strains, particularly for drug resistance associated substitution, is very much essential to devise and implement necessary treatment and disease control intervention in disease endemic settings such as Pakistan. We processed a total of 130 plasma samples originating from HIV-treatment centers at select districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. The samples were first screened using HIV-1 Ag/Ab Combo test followed by amplification of pol gene (1084 bp) from samples positive either to antigen or both antigen and antibodies at once. Screening revealed a total of 45 samples positive (34.62%; 95% CI: 26.99-43.13) either to antigen or both antigen and antibodies at once (n = 18, 40%; 95% CI: 27.02-54.55) and antibodies alone (n = 27, 60%; 95% CI: 45.45-72.98). A maximum number of samples were positive from district Lahore [n= 19/43 (44.18%; 95% CI: 30.44-58.9)] followed by Faisalabad, n= 12/36 (33.33%; 95% CI: 20.21-49.66), Gujranwala, n= 05/23 (21.7%; 95% CI: 9.66-41.9) and Sargodha, n= 09/28 (32.1%; 95% CI: 17.93- 50.66). Odd of occurrence of HIV was significantly associated with individuals having a history of injecting drug use (68.08%; OR = 11.15; 95% CI: 53.84-79.61, p = 0.0001). The pol gene based phylogeny clustered study sequences into three distinct clades representing recombinant form 02_AG (n = 14, 77.0%; 95% CI: 54.79-91.00), subtype A (n = 2, 11.1%; 95% CI: 3.1-32.8) and G (n = 2, 11.1%; 95% CI: 3.1-32.8). Although we screened 18 samples for genotypic drug resistance analysis, except for an accessory mutation (M46K) in the protease (PR) region of a subject, we found a lack of drug resistance associated substitution in the PR. On the other hand, we found two subject (2/18) carrying resistance associated mutation (V106I) conferring a low level resistance against reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The present study concludes circulation of multiple subtypes of HIV-1 among affected population ascertaining a continuous disease surveillance coupled with evaluation of drug resistance at a higher resolution in future studies. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); subtypes; co-circulation; molecular epidemiology; recombination analysis; drug resistance analysis Prevalence, molecular epidemiology and drug resistance pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among injecting drug users in Lahore, Pakistan Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is common among injecting drug users (IDUs), and HIV- 1 positive IDUs may have potential of HIV transmission among general population through different ways. Therefore, an understanding towards current status of HIV-1 prevalence and genomic characteristics of circulating strains is crucial to devise and implement necessary interventions to control disease in developing countries like Pakistan. Total 201 plasma samples from IDUs were collected. Samples were first screened using HIV-1 Ag/Ab Combo test and then antigen positive samples were amplified for HIV-1 pol gene (1084 bp) and analyzed. Initial screening showed a total of 49 HIV samples positive (24.37%; 95% CI: 18.96-30.76). A substantial association of HIV incidence was observed in individuals with HCV infection (36.84%; 95% CI: 28.55-45.99; p<0.0001) followed by individuals involved in practices of shared injection equipment (21.17%; 95% CI: 25.07- 40.21; p<0.0001), injected previously used syringes (30.2%; 95% CI: 23.4-37.99; p=0.0016), sex with IDUs (37.78%; 95% CI: 25.11-52.37; p=0.002) and those with an age between 30-39 years (27.17%; 95% CI: 19.13-37.04; p=0.039). The pol gene-based phylogeny and subtyping classification categorized the under-study sequences representing subtype A (n = 12; 46.15%), CRF02_AG (n = 6; 23.08%), subtype C (n= 5; 19.23%) and subtype G (n = 3; 11.54%). Subsequent to genotyping resistance interpretation algorithm, one major (M46L) and two accessory (N88D, L89V) PIs mutations in the protease region while four NRTI (D67T, K70R/Q, M184V and T215F) and four NNRTI (V108T, E138A, V179I and Y181C) mutations in the reverse transcriptase region were observed. The present study concludes circulation of multiple subtypes of HIV-1 among IDUs and a continuous disease surveillance coupled with delineation of disease risk factors may provide a crucial insight into HIV prevention and treatment which could substantially curtail HIV epidemics in IDUs.