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Empirical Analysis of Public Sector Reforms in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Rehman, Hina

Program

PhD

Institute

Foundation University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Management Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1815

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724679169

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Public sector organizations have been significantly changed during the last few years because of the increasing environmental pressures, changes in community expectations of public sector organizations, political influence in their management and an increasing demand by governments for accountability. As a result, public sector entities have been forced to consider new management practices in order to provide more effective, efficient and economical public services, a trend which has been conceptualized under an umbrella of New Public Management (NPM). There are certain factors such as time needed, leader support, environment stability and continuation, resources needed and organizational culture that affect the effective adoption and implementation of the NPM or reforms. In this study three models have been used to explore the relationship among variables of performance measurement of reforms through hypotheses testing using correlation and regression analysis. The results show that time needed, leadership support and organizational culture have positive relationship with perceived benefits of PM whereas, goal clarity has negative relationship with perceived benefits of PM.
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۳۲۔ ہم ہر لمحہ فسوں میں ہیں

ہم ہر لمحہ فسوں میں ہیں

ہم نجانے کس فسوں میں ہیں

خود سے بے خبر ،منتشر منتشر

شب و روز کے فریب میں

 سایۂ آسیب میں

ہم اس فریب کے فسوں میں ہیں

جس میں زندگی کی حلاوتیں ،کرواہٹوں میں بدل گئیں

مسکراہٹیں ،قہقہے،محفلیں،سب آہٹوں میں بدل گئیں

کیا ان دروازوں کو گرا نہ دیں؟

اب کوئی دستک نہیں دیتا

کیا ان مکانوں کو ڈھا نہ دیں؟

...

تاریخ طبری کے ضعیف اورجھوٹے راویوں کی روایات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

History of Tibari is the well-known book of late ‘allama ibne jar┘r ║ibar┘. Its real name is Tar┘kh- ul ’ummam wal Mul┴k. History of ║ibar┘ is considered the comprehensive and encyclopedia for the first three decades and the backbone in the history of Islam. He is considered a great and lofty character especially in the history of Islam, although all the historians of the present as well as of the past take guidance from his book. Inspite of the facts there are also baseless and false quotations written about Su╒┐ba’ kir┐m, explanation of which is not reasonable. As there are present some false, man-made and illogical sayings in Tar┘kh ║ibar┘. Therefore, an explanatory summary is presented of the narrators so that it may be clyster clear that ‘Allama ║ibar┘ is trusty and worthy but his works are the combination of both facts and false.

Phytochemical Investigation of Alnus Nitida and Computational Studies of Some Selected Natural Products

Alnus nitida is a medicinally important plant native to western Himalayas. In Pakistan it is distributed in northern areas and found abundantly in Abbottabad and Mansehra districts. Owing to the importance of the plant as a folk medicine, its wide distribution in the area and the fact that very little phytochemical work has been carried out so far on this plant, male flowers of Alnus nitida were selected for our present phytochemical investigation. In this study, we have investigated nine compounds (all new isolates of Alnus nitida) including a new one: close chain diarylheptanoid (2). They have been completely characterized by using optical rotation, ECD, UV, IR, MS, and NMR techniques. Structure of compounds 2 was validated through theoretical studies as well. The new compound 2 as well as known compounds were subjected to anticancer activity (in vitro) against cervical cancer. For this specific site cancer evaluation, HeLa cell lines and BHK-21 cell lines were used. Results showed that these compounds are potent anticancer agents. Some of them showed much higher activity compared to the reference drug, carboplatin. Computational studies have made tremendous achievements in the recent past. Conformational flexibility of dipeptides and correct assignment of isomeric compounds are challenging tasks. In the current work, we have tried to address these challenges. In the first study, the effects of intramolecular basis set superposition error and dispersion in the determination of correct lowest energy conformer of tyrosine glycine dipeptide molecule, by employing different levels of theory (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3, MP2, and M062x), are explained. The study identified the use of the best density functionals for conformationally flexible compounds especially those having aromatic moiety. In the second study, 1H-1H and 13C-1H coupling constants of possible stereoisomers of quinic acid were predicted to provide reliable assignment of chirality and positions of the hydroxy groups for quinic acids isolated from plants or the synthesized quinic acid derivatives. Analogous DFT techniques can be used to study systems similar to quinic acid such as octulosonic acids etc. In conclusion, nine isolated compounds (triterpenoid, flavonoids, open chain diarylheptanoids and close chain diarylheptanoids) with potent anticancer activity as well as conformational analysis of Tyr-Gly dipeptide and distinction of stereoisomers on the basis of coupling constants is a contribution in the field of natural product and computational chemistry.