Employee behavior is the most pivotal point of many research studies because it is closely connected with the issue of organization performance. The purpose of this study was to testify the variable that affects employee behavior, which in turn culminates into organizational productivity; special emphasis was placed on the investigation of the role of performance based pay as a moderating variable in enhancing the performance of individual and organizational productivity. The study focus was to determine the change in the organizational productivity (if any) when the performance based pay has been introduced in these selected organizations. Based on the nature of research, this study fits in descriptive and correlative research design, followed survey strategy and deductive approach, where the study intends to examine the relationship of variables and its effect. The study used quantitative data, which was collected through questionnaires using five likert scales, which was measured in terms of numerics and statistics. Total employees working in these organizations are 1821, including 355 management and 1466 other employees, 962 close ended questionnaires were distributed in selected firms for response and 855 responded. Regression Analysis was performed to check the effect of “X” on “Y”, “M” on “Y” and XM on Y for moderation. In Life Insurance Firms and private sector banks, the study find significant effect of employee behavior on organizational productivity, significant effect of performance based pay on the organizational productivity and moderation of performance based pay between employee behavior and organizational productivity. Further the research found a significant effect of employee behavior on organizational productivity, significant effect of performance based pay on the organizational productivity and no moderation of performance based pay between employees’ behavior and organizational productivity in case of Public Sector Banks. The study was conducted in the Peshawar market only, the findings of the study should not be generalized on other firms in the other parts of the country. This study will help the bankers and insurance firms to best understand the phenomena and enhance productivity, while introducing performance based pay in their organizations. The study discussed the future implications on the gap identified for researchers to conduct study in future. The study contributes to the field of knowledge, by addressing the issue of performance based pay and its effects on employee workplace behavior and organizational productivity. Second this study also contributes by evaluating the effect of PBP as moderating variable on EWB and OP.
خواجہ عبدالحی فاروقی افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں لاہور میں خواجہ عبدالحی صاحب فاروقی داعیٔ اجل کو لبیک کہہ کر رہ گزاے عالمِ جاودانی ہوگئے۔مرحوم بلندپایہ عالم، مفسر اور اسلامیات کے فاضل تھے۔تعلیم کی تکمیل دارالعلوم دیوبند میں کی تھی۔عرصۂ دراز تک جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ دہلی میں شیخ التفسیر رہے۔تقسیم کے بعد پاکستان منتقل ہوکر اسلامیہ کالج لاہور میں صدر شعبۂ علوم اسلامیہ ہوگئے تھے۔طبعاً کم سخن اور مرنج و مرنجان مگر بڑے خلیق و ملنسار تھے،اﷲ تعالیٰ رحمت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے۔ [مارچ ۱۹۶۵ء]
Allah created all the required things fo the world since the world was given existence. Human was made its tenant and was equipped with art of living and eversince human life exists in all the corners of the world whatsoever religion they follow, but they do follow a set of social principles in life. And literal meaning of those principles is called religion, because religion literally mean"way of living or manner of living". And contextually religion may be defined as the principles followed to live life. In the light of this definition of religion some people have been confronted having no concept of religion, they are called Communists. But anyone who does not believe in Allah and the Prophet PBUH are termed Communists. In the following dissertation a comparison has been drawn between Islam and jeen Mat to show that no religion can compete Islam in terms of Clarity or cleanliness.
Adaptive algorithms are mostly optimized using integer order derivatives for error minimization. The Least Mean Squares (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) adaptive filters are among the most commonly employed schemes. The LMS algo rithm is simple to implement, has robust tracking performance in nonstationary environments and is less sensitive to floating point precision effects. However, it has the issue of slow convergence especially when the number of weights is large. The RLS achieves faster convergence but is computationally expensive, and prob lematic in nonstationary environments. This study introduces fractional calculus techniques in stochastic gradient algo rithms. In addition to first order derivative, Fractional Order (FO) derivatives are proposed in the optimization of gradient algorithms. Four configurations have been considered based on whether the fractional derivative is applied to the in stantaneous present or posterior error. For evaluation of the FO algorithms, three applications have been considered, that is, (a) adaptive equalization of multi path channels (b) Active Noise Control Systems (ANCS) and (c) tracking of time varying Rayleigh fading sequences. In equalization, both supervised and unsu pervised algorithms are considered. For the supervised case, FO variants of LMS and Normalized LMS (NLMS) are applied in both feed-forward and decision feed back configurations. In the unsupervised case, FO variants of Gordad and con stant modulus algorithms are developed. In ANCS, FO variants of the NLMS, Filtered-x (input) LMS, Modified FxLMS and Filtered-error LMS algorithms are developed. The noises are modelled as binary, Gaussian and impulsive sources characterized by fractional lower order moments. In tracking, the behavior of FO variants is evaluated for nonstationary environments. A Rayleigh channel has also been considered having Doppler frequency shifts of 0.8KHz to 3KHz. The frac tional algorithms are compared with the standard NLMS, RLS and Extended-RLS schemes. The main performance metrics include (1) mean squared error (2) mean squared deviation (3) relative modelling error (4) model accuracy using both frequency and time domain analysis and (5) symbol error rate. The former three performance metrics help compare the convergence speed and steady state performance; the latter two are application specific. Simulation results are shown for different step sizes and fractional orders. It is seen that the fractional variants show superior performance in all the three applications and hold great promise for future use.