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Employers Perception of Language Proficiency of Ma English Graduates

Thesis Info

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Author

Farid, Aisha

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10358/1/Aisha%20farid%20NUML.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724680790

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In Pakistan, MA English has become one of the degrees with larger scope in the job market, mainly because of the increasing demand of proficiency in English language. The higher number of failures in English subject in Bachelors’ results shows that the students reaching this level still need to develop their language proficiency in English. This leads many students to take MA English program as an instrument in getting their future dream job by enhancing their language proficiency. This descriptive research is an attempt to study what language proficiency demands and expectations the potential employers have from MA English graduates, and how these expectations are addressed in MA English programs in Pakistan, with a special focus on scope of assessment of high order thinking skills including language in the existing assessment tools and practices at this level. The research is delimited to two potential employers- call centres and private schools in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, and MA English programs offered in public sector universities in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. The results reached through qualitative tools like the content analysis of objectives, courses and assessment policies in MA English programs and quantitative tools like surveys for potential employers, students and teachers in MA English programs prove the importance of English language proficiency for a good job. It also reflects the employers’ dissatisfaction with the current English language proficiency level of MA English degree holders, and their stress on the need to revise the assessment practices in this regard. It also shows that all the stake holders understand the need for students’ language proficiency enhancement to enable them to develop high order thinking skills needed in valid assessment practices. It is concluded from the analyses of data that there is not much scope for students’ language proficiency enhancement in MA English programs as is required by the potential employers and it is recommended that in order to increase the employability of MA English graduates in the job market, MA English programs must be based on the realistic objectives formulated on the basis of students’ needs. The language proficiency enhancement should be made a part of the teaching and assessment procedures. Structurally, the thesis has been divided into introduction and the background of the study, review of relevant literature, research methodology, qualitative and quantitative analyses of all the relevant documents and the responses on the surveys for which the Chi-square tests have been applied. The last chapter discusses the conclusions drawn and recommendations made.
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17. Al-Isra’/The Night Journey

17. Al-Isra’/The Night Journey

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

17:01
All Glory is to The One WHO took HIS Servant Muhammad for a journey by night,
from the Grand Sacred Masjid in Holy Makkah to the Distant Masjid in Blessed Jerusalem;
the environs of which WE have especially blessed,
so that WE make him see some of OUR Wonders of Almightiness.
Truly HE - HE is All-Listening, and HE is All-Watching.

17:02
And WE granted the Scripture - the Torah - to Moses, and
made it a source of guidance for Descendants of Jacob.
Saying:
‘Do not take anyone - metaphorically or hypothetically - for a guardian other than ME!

17:03
You are all descendants of those whom WE carried in the Ark with Noah.
He was truly a grateful servant!’

17:04
And WE warned Descendants of Jacob about OUR Decision in their Scripture:
‘You will definitely create and promote corruption in the land twice, and
you will indeed exalt yourselves’ with haughtiness and become grossly overbearing.
And thus you will be punished twice.

17:05
So when the first of these two warnings came true - as the Descendants of Jacob were tuned to sinful disobedience;
WE raised against you OUR servants, people of great power - the Babylonians.
And they ravaged your homes and caused havoc throughout the land.
And it was thus a warning fulfilled!

17:06
Then WE returned to you another chance of victory against them after you had repented,
and strengthened you with wealth/prosperity and sons/manpower,
and made you even more numerous in soldiery than ever.

...

THE EFFECTS OF A PRAGMATIC SET OF INTERVENTIONS ON THE SHOULDER RANGE OF MOTION IN MALES AND FEMALES WITH SHOULDER PAIN: A CLINICAL TRIAL

Background and Aim: The effects of novel set of interventions are known but their effects with respect to gender are not known. This study aim to determine the effects of novel set of interventions on shoulder range of motion in males and females with shoulder pathology. Methodology: This study was of quasive experimental design. Thirty subjects of mean age (±SD) of 43. 23±10 years with shoulder pathology and restricted ROM were recruited. The major criteria for recruitment were 18-60 years of age. The general contraindications of manual therapy were the exclusion criteria. Shoulder functional movement and range of motion were the outcome measures.  Results: The mean % (SD) change for RUBB was 15.04±11.57for males and  14.49±10.44 for males. The change for RDBN was also significant (<0.00) from baseline and the % change in mean was 14.93±11.0 for males and 12.60±9.06 for females. The changes were well above the highly clinical meaningful difference (>0.8). It is further observed that the differences in gender were non-significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The pragmatic set of interventions affect both the genders equally and improve shoulder range of motion and functional movements.  However, the results must be interpreted cautiously because of the inadequate sample size.

Fiscal Strategies for Growth and Employment Generation in Pakistan

Good macroeconomic policies can be transformed into good economic performance. Fiscal policies whether public expenditures or revenues can actively be used to improve economic performance by the governments of the developing economies. The study has been constructed to explore the effects of fiscal variables in aggregate as well as in disaggregated form on private investment and economic growth. It covers the period from 1972 to 2007 in the context of Pakistan. Enhancement of private investment and fostering of economic growth in the economy will not only bring macroeconomic stability but also generate employment in the long-run. After establishing the integration order of variables, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration has been employed to find the long-run effects as well as short-run effects. In the first step, existence of long-run relationship has been determined by using bounds testing approach. Long-run coefficients and error correction term has been obtained in the second step. Modified accelerator model and neo-classical model have been used to find the empirical relationship between fiscal variables and private investment. The outcomes under different estimators of the accelerator investment model seem to largely confirm that fiscal variables play some role to stimulate private investment though some of theses variables have been found to be insignificant statistically. The results of the neoclassical model are largely in agreement to those under the accelerator model in terms of signs and significance. Both confirm the hypothesis of crowding-in effects of public investment in different sectors though weak statistically. Further, in order to find the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth, endogenous growth model has been used. The results imply that public expenditures are complementary to economic growth, though with weaker magnitude. Similarly, different components of taxation have weak and mixed effects on economic growth but taxes in aggregate form, though weak, have positive contribution towards economic growth.