ہو گیا گر کام پھر دشوار تو
ہم تو جی لیں گے اکیلے ہی مگر
ہم تو کر لیں گے سرِ تسلیم خم
سب اشارے ہیں ہماری ہی طرف
ہار مانیں گے نہ دشمن سے کبھی
چھُوٹ کر زنداں سے آ ہی جائیں گے
امن کا امکان کیا ہے وارثی
آپ ہی ٹھہرے جو ذمہ دار تو
تیرا جینا ہو گیا دشوار تو
ان کی جانب سے ہوا انکار تو
فیصلہ الٹا ہوا سرکار تو
دوستوں نے کر دیا گر وار تو
لے گئے اپنے ہی سوئے دار تو
فیصلے کرنے لگے تلوار تو
In this universe, if we look at the arrival of a human being, it will open up to us the secret that man did not come in this world suddenly, but he had gone through several worlds before stepping into this universe. The First World is called spiritual world where his soul was present and the argument is that when the soul enters the body of the baby and he starts to move in the womb of the mother, so the question now arises where was that soul before it entered the baby’s body? And where did that soul come from? Where it was and wherever it came from, the name of that universe is Spiritual world. After the spiritual world, there is a second world in the womb of the mother. In this world a man must live for at least nine months. Stop for a minute to see this amazing system of power that a baby remains alive in a moving grave for at least nine months. The object is to say that if a human being has to go through two worlds before coming into the universe, so if a fourth world is accepted after this world, what is the rational prohibition behind it? The life in the fourth world is called the life of Hereafter. If there is any disagreement with this name then let’s another name, but a fourth world still have to believe, because when the soul comes out of body after death, the same question will arise here that where did the soul go? In this article, it is examined that how author of “Tarjuman al-Qur’an” Abul Kalam Azad has proved the reality of life of Hereafter and what kind of arguments have given as an evidence in this tafsir?
Present work is aimed at designing, implementing and validating computational procedure for the fluid flow and heat transfer analysis through the annular sector duct. This work will provide the complete heat transfer analysis and will be useful in developing an understanding of controlling parameter characterizing the configuration of annular sector duct. Chapter 1 is devoted to introduction and literature review, whereas, in chapter 2, we have selected a literature problem and discretised that by using two well known techniques finite difference method, (FDM) and finite volume method, (FV M). By comparing the results obtained from both procedures with the literature, we have selected one procedure for further mathematical models of the dissertation. In the chapter 3, we have carried out the study of forced convective Newtonian fluid flow, by considering the two different cases. In the 1st case, we have studied the forced convective flow of Newtonian fluid under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field, applied perpendicular to the direction of flow. In the 2nd case, we have studied the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field on electrically conducting Newtonian fluid flow through annulus sector duct, filled with Darcy Brinkman porous media. As most of the fluids in nature are non-Newtonian, therefore, to make our model more realistic, we have replaced the Newtonian fluid with the power law fluid. In the chapter 4, we have carried out the study of forced convective power law fluid flow, by considering the four different cases. In the 1st case, we have studied the impact of flow behaviour index, n, on the forced convective flow in both pseudo-plastic and dilatant fluids. In the 2nd case, we have carried out the influence of magnetic field on electrically conducting power law fluid. We have studied the impact of n in both fluids for different value of Ha. In both cases, successive over relaxation, (SOR), method is used to solve the system of algebraic equations, obtained by using the FV M. In the 3rd and 4th cases, we have studied the impact of porosity factor, K, on forced convective flow of power law fluid through an annular sector duct, filled with Darcy Brinkman porous media in the absence and presence of uniform transverse magnetic field. In both cases, we have used the strongly implicit procedure, (SIP), to solve the system of algebraic equation, and compared with SOR method on the based of convergence. To achieve further enhancement in the heat transfer rate, addition of nano scale particles to the base fluid is an established research methodology now a days. Therefore, in chapter 5, we have studied the impact the nano scale particles on the forced convective flow of power law fluid by considering two different cases. Two types of nano scale particle (i.e Copper, Cu and Titanium oxide, TiO2) are used. Finally to make the dissertation wholesome, in chapter 6, we have studied the combined effect of viscous dissipation and Joule heating on the forced convective flow of power law fluid in absence and presence of nano scale particles. At the end of dissertation, we give brief of the future work.