صحیح البخاری کی کتب اور ابواب میں نظم و مناسبت تحقیقی جائزہ

In sahih Bukhari the reform’s of Imam Bukhari are present in various styles and artistically sahih Bukhari is an eximious book. But in this present confab we want to disuses such a topic which is about the colligation of sahih Bukhari’s parts and order. The intellectual advisability and  sequences called the order of the parlance, and some time many points are practical and various expediencies recondite in this order. With identity the object of the speaker is explicated e.g, he started the book with incipiency and it is brought first because the inspiration the provenance of admonition. He arranges “kitab-ul-Emam” of on the second because to have belief on Allah as “Rab” is the most preeminent and also the prerequisite. In the first Hdith انما الاعمال بالنيات is in the same order and we understand that candidness is not only enough in the outset but it should be obsessive on both the commencement and the verge. The advisability we understood is the deserts starts form intentness and suppress on the left. Imam Bukhari to words both radicals in the inception and completion of the book.

New Diagnostic Methods for Influential Observations in Linear Regression With Some Biased Estimation Methods

This thesis is concerned with the expansion of diagnostic methods in parametric regression models with some biased estimators. Of which, the Liu estimator, modified ridge estimator, improved Liu estimator and ridge estimator have been developed as an alternative to the ordinary least squares estimator in the presence of multicollinearity in linear regression models. Firstly, we introduce a type of Pena’s statistic for each point in Liu regression. Using the forecast change property, we simplify the Pena’s statistic in a numerical sense. It is found that the simplified Pena’s statistic behaves quite well as far as detection of influential observations is concerned. We express Pena’s statistic in terms of the Liu leverages and residuals. For numerical evaluation, simulated studies are given and a real data set has been analyzed for illustration. Secondly, we formulated Pena’s statistic for each point while considering the modified ridge regression estimator. Using this statistic, we showed that when modified ridge regression was used to mitigate the effects of multicollinearity, the influence of some observations could be significantly changed. The normality of this statistic was also discussed and it was proved that it could detect a subset of high modified ridge leverage outliers. The Monte Carlo simulations were used for empirical results and an example of real data was presented for illustration. Next, we introduce a type of Pena’s statistic for each point in the improved Liu estimator. Using this statistic, we showed that when the improved Liu estimator was used to mitigate the effects of multicollinearity, the influence of some observations could be significantly changed. The Monte Carlo simulations were used for empirical results and an example of real data was presented for illustration. The ridge estimator having growing and wider applications in statistical data analysis as an alternative technique to the ordinary least squares estimator to combat multicollinearity in linear regression models. In regression diagnostics, a large number of influence diagnostic methods based on numerous statistical tools have been discussed. Finally, we focus on ridge version of Nurunnabi et al. (2011) method for identification of multiple influential observation in linear regression. The efficiency of the proposed method is presented through several well-known data sets, an artificial large data with high-dimension and heterogeneous sample and a Monte Carlo simulation study.