Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Evaluation of Land-Use/Land Cover Changes in Indus Delta Through Geo-Spatial Techniques

Evaluation of Land-Use/Land Cover Changes in Indus Delta Through Geo-Spatial Techniques

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Rehman, Zia Ur

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

History & geography

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8216/1/Zia%20Ur%20Rehman_Ph.D_Thesis_Geography_Deptt._Karachi_University_2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724693141

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


The Indus River travels on extensive Indus plain and divided in to several major and minor creeks. It is called as ‘Indus Delta’. During several decades, it has been observed that the flow of Indus water has decreased in lower Indus plain particularly Indus delta, due to this sea water entering creeks of Indus delta resulting land-use / land cover have drastic changes and consequently causing the socio-economic crises in the study area. Land use / Land cover changes are valuable parts of the worldwide environmental changes (Dickinson, 1995; Hall et al. 1995; Dewidar, 2004). Due to urban and agricultural developments drastic change in LULC has been observed in the world. Satellite Remote Sensing is one of the most readily available and up-to-date sources for detection, quantification and mapping of LULC patterns and changes. The objective of the study is (i) to identify existing Land use/ Land cover in the study region. (ii) To explore temporal Land-use / land cover (LULC) changes in past 20 years through satellite imageries using Geo-Spatial Technologies (iii) To execute standard Remote Sensing procedures to extract Land-use / Land cover (LULC) classes (iv) To evaluate Land-use / Land cover impacts on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the Indus Delta (v) To analyze the variable character of Normalize Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the study area.(vi) To discover relationship in spectral and informal classes.(vii) To analyze the relationship between LST and NDVI with LULC classes. (viii) To monitor the impacts on Socio-economic activity in study region. (ix) To develop the questionnaire and fill with local person field survey. (x) To evaluate change of environmental resources, currently practiced in the field of ecology. The current research study divided into two broad categories with respect to seasons: Pre-monsoon period and Post-monsoon period. Satellite images of Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI / TIRS were used in each period of the study, acquired on 27th April-1992, 8th March-2000, 29th April-2010, and 8th April-2014 in premonsoon period and 28th October-1989, 24th September-2000, 7th November-2010 and 20th December-2014 in post monsoon period. Four techniques: Supervised Classification, Change Detection, Normalize Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ix Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis was performed in the study area. Ten Landuse / land cover were selected namely, dense mangrove, normal mangrove, cultivated land, other vegetation, wet mudflat, dry mudflat, wet barren / vacant land, dry barren / vacant land, turbid water and deep water. The result indicate of the research is that LULC classes were increased except dry barren / vacant land in post monsoon period. Mangrove forest increased gradually with aforesaid period and year. The reason of that different government and private organization like Sindh Forest Department, IUCN, WWF etc. were plantation of mangrove forest in several areas of Keti Bunder, Shah Bunder, Bin Qasim area and other areas of creek in Indus Delta, due to this normal mangrove was increased as compare to dense mangrove. It has been revealed from this study that NDVI and LST values derive from Landsat images of pre-monsoon period and post monsoon period of aforesaid years. It was observed that NDVI value of dense mangrove, normal mangrove, cultivated land and other vegetation were high in pre-monsoon period as compared to post monsoon period, due to floods and rainfall during monsoon period. While in term of area, greenness area was high in post monsoon period. While the LST was high in post monsoon period and temperature was raised continuously due to global warming. As far as LULC are concerned the LST of turbid water and deep water was low and dry barren / vacant land and wet barren / vacant land was high. A linear regression analysis between LST & NDVI for LULC classes excluding turbid water and deep water in the study area. The results show that significant moderate and negative correlation with LST and NDVI. When LST values of LULC like dry barren / vacant land, wet barren / vacant land are increased, then the NDVI value of LULC are decreased. The relationship between LST and NDVI of Post Monsoon period of 20th December-2014 was strong and negative. It has been found through questionnaire and field surveys, it was observed that drastic changes in socio-economic activities of the area, LULC patterns and climatic change with respect time to time. Mostly respondents said agricultural land, mangroves and biodiversity of this region is under serious condition. Last few decades, Red rice cultivated in this region but now is almost non-existent, similarly mangrove species were abundant last few decades, but now only four species survived, due to lack of fresh water x and sea water intrusion. More than 117,823 acres of agricultural land has been affected from sea water intrusion. Huts around creeks were made of wood, chatai and dry straw, because cyclone comes every year, while settlements of agricultural land were made cemented home. Relationship between LULC and climate change was significant correlation, because floods and rainfall occur during monsoon period, due to this houses, livestock and agricultural land damage around the katcha area of Indus River. While during post-monsoon period, those areas were fertile and suitable to agriculture.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

بدعنوانی کے خاتمے میں معاشرے کا کردار

بدعنوانی کے خاتمے میں معاشرے کا کردار
کوئی چیز بھی اللہ تعالیٰ نے بے مقصد پیدانہیں فرمائی ، ہر چیز کی تخلیق میں کوئی نہ کوئی غرض و غایت ضرور کارفرما رہی ہے، لیکن انسان چونکہ ظلوما ًجہو لا کے مصداق تخلیق کردہ اشیاء میں کوئی نہ کوئی تبدیلی کا مرتکب ہوتا رہتا ہے اور اس چیزکی تخلیق کا جوعظیم مقصد ہے وہ پس پردہ چلا جا تا ہے۔ اور یوں کائنات کی رنگینیوں ، رعنائیوں اور دل آویزیوں کے آفتاب نصف النہار کو گرہن لگ جاتا ہے۔ کسی چیز کی اصل ہیئت کو تبدیل کرنے کا نام بدعنوانی ہے۔
مجاہد سرحدپر بجائے حفاظت کے جاسوسی کررہا ہے تو یہ بدعنوانی ہے۔ معلم مسند تدریس پرمتمکن ہو کر تشنگان علم کی پیاس بجھانے میں تساہل اور غفلت کا شکار ہے تو یہ تدریسی بدعنوانی ہے۔ مسیحاجب اپنے پیشے سے وفا نہیں کر رہا اور اس کے زیرعلاج مریض کے مرض میں اضافے کا سبب اس کی نا اہلی اور نا تجر بہ کاری ہے تو یہ گھناؤنا جرم اور کرپشن ہے۔ جس معاشرے میں ابتداء سے لے کر انتہاء تک بدعنوانی ہی بد عنوانی ہو اس معاشرے کی فضاء میں محو پرواز طائر خوش الحان بھی اپنی پرواز کوتا دیر قائم نہیں رکھ سکتا۔ ایسے معاشرے کی مسموم فضاء اس کے تنزل کا باعث بنتی ہے۔
ہم اگر بد عنوانی اور کرپشن کے خلاف قدم نہیں بڑھائیں گے تو اس کی جڑیں طول پکڑتی جائیں گی اور پھر اس ناسور پر نشتر چلانے کے لیے تا دیر ہوم ورک کرنا پڑے گا۔ اس مرغِ بسمل کی طرح تڑپاتے ہوئے زہر ہلا ہل کے لیے کسی تریاق کی اشد ضرورت ہے۔
آج ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ہر شعبہ سے تعلق رکھنے والاشخص اس کومنطقی انجام تک پہنچانے کے لیے کمر بستہ ہوجائے ، صحافی اپنے اخبار...

فقہ اسلامی اور مروجہ ملکی قوانین کے تناظر میں عذر کی جدید طبی اور نفسیاتی صورتوں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Shariah is comprised of five main branches: adab (behavior, morals and manners), ibadah (ritual worship), i’tiqadat (beliefs), mu’amalat (transactions and contracts) and ‘uqubat (punishments). These branches combine to create a society based on justice, pluralism and equity for every member of that society. Furthermore, Shariah forbids to impose it on any unwilling person. Islam’s founder, Prophet Muhammad, demonstrated that Shariah may only be applied if people willingly apply it to themselves—never through forced government implementation. Muslim jurists argued that laws such as these clearly mandated by God, are stated in an unambiguous fashion in the text of the Qur'an in order to stress that the laws are in and of themselves ethical precepts that by their nature are not subject to contingency, context, or temporal variations. It is important to note that the specific rules that are considered part of the Divine shari'a are a special class of laws that are often described as Qur'anic laws, but they constitute a fairly small and narrow part of the overall system of Islamic law. In addition, although these specific laws are described as non-contingent and immutable, the application of some of these laws may be suspended in cases of dire necessity (darura). Thus, there is an explicit recognition that even as to the most specific and objective shari'a laws, human subjectivity will have to play a role, at a minimum, in the process of determining correct enforcement and implementation of the laws.

An Adaptive Classification and Recommendation Model for E-Health

FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING Department of Software Engineering Doctor of Philosophy An Adaptive Classification and Recommendation Model for e-Health Systems By Anam Mustaqeem 13F-UET/PhD-SE-06 E-health based system is an advanced topic of research, showing an enormous amount of effort for providing an efficient response to cardiac diseases. Health monitoring of patients in particular senior citizens at their home based location is categorized among the wide ranged applications of today’s health care systems. Health professional track the clinical condition of elderly patients at remote locations using monitoring devices, which otherwise would have to admit to a medical caring unit. The purpose of e-health is to highlight the issues regarding health care and therefore, reduce the chances of hospitalization, help in improving quality of life style, and saving money. With the advent of e-health, the information about most critical issues of patients can be accessed from far away locations. A promising and active research area, which has benefited from the e-health based system is cardiac monitoring and care. In this research work, we intend to develop an adaptable and intelligent recommendation based model for e-health systems. As cardiac diseases are one of most critical and life threatening disease among chronic diseases, therefore cardiac disease classification and iv recommendation is addressed in this study. The research work has been categorized into three different areas. The results have been evaluated using standard evaluation metrics and an improved accuracy is obtained in all research tasks. A model is proposed using a standard dataset for arrhythmia classification to provide improved classification accuracy. The approach for classification combines feature selection, pre-processing and classification techniques, and provides promising diagnosis results. Further, normalization is done for scaling and standardizing the data parameters. An improved feature selection method using a wrapper method around the random forest (RF) is employed to select the most significant features achieving higher classification accuracies for the UCI arrhythmia dataset. The selected features help in achieving better accuracy and efficient classification performance. In the second part of the thesis, the details are presented for collection, analysis and processing of a customized dataset to implement recommender system for cardiac patients under the supervision of medical experts. Although recommender systems have emerged in various domains, development of a clinically apporoved medical recommender systems still require a long way to go, as medical recommendations directly affect the life of patients. We have proposed a hybrid machine learning based prediction and risk analysis based recommendation model for detection of heart disease which provides suitable medical advice to a patient depending on the type of disease identified. The results show that the proposed medical recommender system will be a significant contribution in the field of cardiac disease classification and recommendation. A medical recommender system is implemented using a modular clustered based collaborative filtering model, which is an improvisation in the traditional collaborative filtering technique to target the issues of sparsity and scalability. Sub-clustering at two levels is introduced to ensure fast and robust similarity computations. The involvement of cardiac experts in the whole process is made possible for clinical approval and disapproval of the outcomes.