Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Examining Grades As Valid Measures of Secondary School Students Competence in Mathematics

Examining Grades As Valid Measures of Secondary School Students Competence in Mathematics

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Gulzar, Khurram

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12173/1/khurram%20gulzar%20education%202019%20uop%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724698855

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


In teaching learning process, grades are used to communicate the degree of students‘ academic achievement but it is generally perceived that those grade that the students acquire after any assessment procedure do not represent their true achievement (Allen, 2005). According to Allen (p.219) those grades usually present multiple pieces of information about the student achievement instead of producing any single academic mark. Standard based curriculum provides the assessment agencies those set of academic marks called students learning outcomes for which those agencies can design their assessment tools. In Pakistan, standard based curriculum was adopted for secondary classes for the session 2012-13 onward and this study was conducted to explore those measures taken to implement that curriculum for the subject of mathematics by Boards of Intermediate & Secondary Education (BISE), Punjab, Pakistan. There are nine BISE in the Punjab and they function alike under the supervision of Punjab Boards Committee of Chairmen. Two Controller of Examination and five paper setters were interviewed to obtain the information about steps taken prepare standard based assessments. In standard based educational setup, a third party audit is considered mandatory to assess the alignment between curriculum and assessments. For this purpose, a web based application called Webb Alignment Tool was used for investigation of alignment between the secondary school curriculum for mathematics with assessment tools 2013 and 2014. As prescribed by Webb (2005) in manual of Web, five reviewers were selected for the study having knowledge of educational assessment and educational standards. The reviewers were M.Phil. Education and four of the five reviewers were secondary level mathematics teachers having master‘s degree in mathematics. The researcher worked as coordinator/reviewer as advised in the manual. Although alignment studies mostly meant to identify the alignment between standards and assessment (Case et al., 2004), yet in Pakistani context, textbooks are also an essential component of the teaching learning process so textbook contents vs. curriculum standards as well as textbook content vs. assessment alignment was also analyzed. For identifying the alignment between the curriculum standards and textbook of secondary level mathematics, a tool called CurriculumTextbook Alignment Framework (C-T Alignment Framework) was modified and used with the permission of author. This tool was developed in a study under the title ―Alignment between Science Curriculum and Textbooks at Secondary Level in Punjab‖ by Saeed (2013). Alignment between the textbooks and the assessment was made through document analysis for which the assessment tools 2013 and 2014 were compared with the contents of the textbooks. According to information collected from the Controllers of Examinations and the paper setters the` paper setting procedure is same for every subject and no major change is made in that procedure after the adoption of standard based curriculum for the session 2012 onward. No training was conducted on making of standard based assessments. It was identified that for 21 learning outcomes/skills of the secondary school curriculum, no corresponding benchmark is designed in the curriculum. It was also noted that 73% of learning outcomes/skills are of DOK level 1 and don‘t challenge students for mental processing. The curriculum is void of any learning outcome/skill of DOK level 4 and there are only six learning outcomes/skills of DOK level 3. Some of the mathematical concepts/task were found to be phrased both as benchmarks as well as the learning outcomes/skills. Moreover, same learning outcomes/skills were also found to be repeated within and across different grades. The secondary school mathematics curriculum doesn‘t ask for any learning experience/applied curriculum to be included. Textbooks were found to be designed in a monotonous format in which student are given guidance about procedure or algorithm of solving sums. Some of the textbook contents don‘t match with any learning outcomes/skills of secondary school mathematics curriculum by MoE (2006). It was found that the assessment tools were below the acceptable values for the criterion of Range of Knowledge Correspondence that also in directly affected the criterion of Balance of Representation. It was learnt that virtually every question item was selected from textbook contents. Through this study it was recommended that BISEs should regularly arrange teacher training on techniques of developing standard based assessments and attending such trainings should also be declared as a pre requisite for a paper setter. Anomalies in the curriculum should be removed and quality of prescribed learning outcomes/skills should be improved by adopting ―fewer, higher and deeper‖ (DarlingHammond et al., 2013, p2) approach. In the light of international practices, it is suggested to integrate the learning experience/applied curriculum with the list of learning outcomes/skills. Some of the textbook contents should be eliminated that didn‘t match with any learning outcomes/skills. Alignment studies should regularly be conducted. There should be an assessment framework and paper setters should be guided not to select any item of DOK level 2 and above from the textbook contents.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

آمریت سے ہی پاکستان کا مستقبل ہے

آمریت سے ہی پاکستان کا مستقبل ہے
وفوق کل ذی علم علیم کے مصداق ہرعلم والے سے اوپر ایک علم والا ہے، ہر ایک کا قلب ودماغ مختلف ہے۔ جسمانی اختلاف کے ساتھ ساتھ زمینی حقائق دیگربوقلو مونیوں کے بھی معترف ہیں، ہر ایک اپنے اپنے انداز میں گفتگوکا ، تحریر کا، تقر یرکا ملکہ رکھتا ہے۔ کوئی ذی روح مخلوق صرف اشاروں کنایوں سے ہی اپنی منزل کا تعین کر لیتی ہے اور کسی طبقے کو ز جر وتوبیخ کی بدرجہ اتم ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔
جن نابغۂ روزگار ہستیوں اور نفوس قدسیوں کے دل و دماغ حصول منزل کے لیے مضطرب رہتے ہیں۔ وہ شاہراہِ حیات سے خارداروں اور خس و خاشاک کو نظر انداز کرتے ہوئے گزر جاتے ہیں۔ اپنے مستقبل کی تابندگی انہیں ہر لحاظ سے عزیز ہوتی ہے اور وہ اسی کے حصول کے لیے شب و روز کوشاں رہتے ہیں۔ اور یہی ان کا مقصد ِحیات ہوتا ہے۔
مستقبل کاحسن ملحوظ خاطر رہنا چاہیئے۔ خواہ اس کے لیے حالات کتنے ہی نامساعد کیوں نہ ہوں، بیماری کے بعد صحت کی قدر میں اضافہ ہو جاتا ہے، نمکین چیز کے استعمال کے بعد معمولی مٹھاس کا ستعمال بھی لبوں کو آبِ زلال کا ذائقہ بہم پہنچاتا ہے، تنگی کے بعد آسانی ہوتی ہے، غربت کے بعد آنیوالی امارت کے استمرار کے مواقع وافر مقدار میں میسر آتے ہیں۔ کانٹوں کے درمیان سے کھلنے والے گل سرخ کی مہک مشام ِجاں کو معطر کر دیتی ہے۔
اصل مقصد پاکستان کے استقبال کے گیسوؤں میں مشاطگی ہے، اگر آمرمثبت سوچ کا حامل ہے تو وہ آمرانہ طرزِ حکومت میں بھی پاکستان کو تحفظ دے سکتا ہے، پاکستان کی معیشت میں ایک مثالی کردار ادا کرسکتا ہے۔ پاکستان کی زراعت کو جدید خطوط پر استوار کرنے میں خاطر خواہ راہنمائی کر سکتا ہے، پاکستان کے...

الحكمة في شعر محمود سامي البارودي

Muḥmood Sami al Barodi is a famous poet who was named the Resurrector of poetry in the early times when many poets of the old era were the cause of the decline in poetry. His poems had been studied from many aspects and by many scholars but no one ever spoke about al Barodi’s writings about wisdom. This article is focusing on the verses and poems that focus on the meaning of wisdom and everything that relate to it. He talked about the importance of wisdom in the poems as he encouraged the other poets to give attention to this meaning. Some published books and articles helped me write this article but I haven’t found any of them that gave this point enough significance though his poetry is full of verses about wisdom and so I chose to write about it.

Diversity of Pierids Butterflies Lepidoptera: Pieridae and Their Host Plants in Potohar Region, Pakistan

Extensive field surveys were conducted to collect Pierid butterflies and their host plant flora from all districts (Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Attock, and Islamabad) of Potohar region of Punjab Pakistan during January 2012 – February 2015. A total of 1839 specimens belonging to 19 species were identified under two subfamilies and ten genera. The identified species were Catopsilia pyranthe, C. crocale, C. pomona, Gonepteryx mahaguru, G.rhamni, Colias fieldii, C. erate, Eurema laeta, E. hecbae, Delias eucharis, Pontia daplidice, Belenois aurota, Pieris rapae, P. canidia, P. brassicae, Ixias pyrene, Colotis amata, C. etrida, and C. protactus. Among these, eight (08) species; Delias eucharis, Belenois aurota, Pieris rapae, Colotis amata, C. etrida, Gonepteryx mahaguru,G.rhamni and Colias erate were reported for the first time from Potohar region. The current study as being first biogeograhical study from Potohar region recognizes the elements from all biogeographical regions of the world. However, the Afrotropical and the Aust- oriental elements remain dominant. Among reported host plants, 21 species of 15 plants [Capparis aphylla, (family Capparaceae), Cassia fistula, Sesbania grandiflora (family Fabaceae), Salvadora oleoide (family Salvadoraceae), Loranthus longiflorus, Scurrula pulverulenta, (family Loranthaceae), Rhamnus triquetra, R. purpurea (family Rhamnaceae), Brassica napus, B. oleraceae, B. oleraceae var. italica, B. campestris, B. officinalis, Raphanus sativus, Eruca sativa (family Cruciferae)] are new records for Pakistan, However six (06) host plants [Lepidium pinnatifidium, Coronopus didymus, Arabidopsis thaliana (family Cruciferae), Cassia occidentalis, Medicago sativa, and Melilotus officinalis (family Fabacae)] are new addition to world''s host plant list of Pierids fauna. GIS map distribution of all the butterflies along with their host plants is provided for the first time from pakistan.Taxonomic keys for subfamilies, genera and species were also prepared. From the study area, the complete list of host plants of family Pieridae up to species level has been provided first time. In the present study, relative abundance and percentage of different butterflies were found in each district. In district Jhelum, Pieris brassicae showed highest relative abundance (0.18) and percentage (18.12), with its host plant Brassica oleraceae (0.25) and percentage (25) respectively. In district Rawalpindi, xvii Pontia daplidice showed highest relative abundance (0.20) and percentage (20.05) with its host plant Lepidium pinnatifidium (0.28) and percentage (28). In the districts Attock and Chakwal, Catopsilia pomona showed highest relative abundance (0.19) and percentage (18.99) with host plant Coronopus didymus (0.38) and percentage (38) and Lepidium pinnatifidium, Brassica napus, Brassica compestris (0.16) and percentage (16). In district Islamabad, Pieris canidia showed highest relative abundance (0.23) and percentage (23.22) with its host plant Coronopus didymus (0.28) and percentage (28). Diversity of Pierids butterflies and their host plants was calculated by using five diversity indices namely; Simpson, Shannon, Evenness, Menhinick, Margalef and Equitability. The values from five districts of Potohar region were within suitable range of Simpson index i.e. between 0.8-0.9 for butterflies species and host plant which shows their stable community in the region. However, Shannon and Weiner values of five districts revealed that Potohar region has rich host plant flora and butterfly fauna with even distribution as most of values were between 1.8 and 2.4. In Potohar region, the values of evenness index ranges between 0.5-0.8 which shows even distribution of butterfly''s species and host plants in the region. The overall calculated values of Menhinick index of butterfly''s species were between 0.5- 0.7 which showed high diversity of butterfly''s species and host plants within the region. The Margalef and equitable index values showed high species richness for butterflies and host plants in the region. Highest species richness were recorded in Rawalpindi and Islamabad districts (2.336-2.023) and comparatively low species richness were recorded in district Attock (1.516) and for the host plants highest specie richness were recorded in the same 2 districts i.e. 1.83 and in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.