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Home > Factors Affecting Womens Share in Family Inheritance in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Factors Affecting Womens Share in Family Inheritance in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Jadoon, Mushtaq Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Sociology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14388/1/Mushtaq_Ahmad_Jadoon_Sociology_HSR_2015_UoP_Peshawar.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724712294

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The present study was conducted to find out factors affecting the women’s share in family inheritance in District Peshawar. It was based on the assumption made from Structural Oppression Feminism Theory that inheritance denial to women in Pakistani society is a common phenomena where male economic interest in family inheritance is directly or indirectly supported by patriarchy centered inheritance norms, practices and legal, religious and social institutions. Data for the study were collected through a pretested interview schedule from 384 sampled respondents belonging to both urban and rural areas of District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Findings of the study are based on univariate and bivariate analysis of data. The findings of the study confirmed the denial to women in family inheritance as a common phenomena in the study area. Many respondents did not even consider the denial as a violation of female’s basic human rights. Hence, this was found a common phenomena among all socioeconomic groups. Almost three fourth of the total respondents did not share inheritance with females at all while those who gave full share constituted only 2.3 percent. The rest tried to exploit the females and their in-laws by giving a small piece of land or little amount of money. A number of factors were found to affect the phenomena. Female inheritance denial was found significantly associated with the families where land and property were considered as the critical and fundamental economic resources and assets for males who wanted to keep it within the family to control both the resources and the females. Legal and religious institutions, despite having clear rules and regulations, could not protect female inheritance rights. They were both male dominated and found favoring the males. The females, on their part, could not contact the legal institutions, especially, due to lengthy and cumbersome procedure as well as high social and economic cost on litigation. Similarly, mosque and religious leaders did not motivate the respondents to share inheritance with their females. In fact, the male claim on family inheritance was further strengthened by the prevalence of patriarchy based inheritance norms, practices, unlawful methods and complicated procedures to get the share in inheritance. A significant association of female inheritance rights denial in this regard was also found with the patriarchal based perceptions that emanated females as subordinate, land and property belong to family where male got the primary rights and females silence is a proper behavior in inheritance share cases. The family and social norms in one way or other supported these ideas. Special marriages including exchange, paternal cousins or with the children of inheritance entitled females were also arranged to keep land and property within the family. Helping females and dowry was found as a substitute for inheritance share. The community level social institutions such as family and Jirga also did not play a positive role and supported the male interest. Similarly, media, political parties, NGOs and educational institutions, despite having potential and authority, could not address to the extent it deserved and demanded. The results partially endorsed both the socialist feminism and intersectionality theories of structural feminism. The study concludes that for general understanding and acceptance at community and society level, the female inheritance denial was/is a basic but an ignored issue. At community level, it should be highlighted through mosque, religious leaders and community based organizations. Similarly, the political parties, media and educational institutions should also be used as channels for disseminating relative knowledge for bringing positive change in the attitude of locals over the issue under consideration. The study recommends further that there is no need for further legislation; existing laws should be implemented overwhelmingly. All customary laws and practices having any role in female inheritance denial should be dealt strictly in accordance with the prevalent law.
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میں ول ول تکناں مرشد نوں

میں ول ول تکنا مرشد نوں
مار گیا سوہنیا ایہہ مینوں تیرا پیار وے
دل کرے میں ویکھاں تینوں بار بار وے

تیریاں اداواں مینوں بڑا ای ستاندیاں
جدوں یاد آوے تیری بڑا ای رواندیاں
اکھیاں وی ہر ویلے مینہ برساندیاں
جے توں آویں فیر آوے دل نوں قرار وے
مار گیا سوہنیا اے مینوں تیرا پیار وے

جدوں دا میں ویکھا تینوں ہوش میری بھل گئی
چھڈ کاروبار میں تاں گلیاں چ رُل گئی
سارے بھار ہولے ہوئے ککھاں نال تُل گئی
مینوں چنگی لگی تیرے کجلے دی دھار وے
مار گیا سوہنیا اے مینوں تیرا پیار وے

مکھ تیرا ایویں جیویں چن اسمانی اے
ویکھے جو وی ہک واری ہووے اوہ دیوانی اے
اجڑیاں دلاں اُتے ہووے مہربانی اے
ہک واری دے جا مینوں اپنا دیدار وے
مار گیا سوہنیا اے مینوں تیرا پیار وے

تینوں جد تکیا تے میں تیری ہوئی وے
جگ وچ تیرے جیہا دسدا نہ کوئی وے
مینوں سد لے توں میرا یار ’’سنگوئی‘‘ وے
تیرا اوتھے رج رج کراں گی دیدار وے
مار گیا سوہنیا اے مینوں تیرا پیار وے

قادریؔ سائیں ہن نہ گھبرا توں
ٹلے جا کے مندراں وی گل وچ پا توں
جوگی بن در در بین بجا توں
خلق کرے گی فیر تیرے نال پیار وے
مار گیا سوہنیا اے مینوں تیرا پیار وے

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An Evaluation of the Testing of English at Intermediate Level With Reference to Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education in the Punjab

The study explores the evaluation criteria of individual and groups of raters as well as computes their inter rater and intra rater reliability on a national level high stakes examination in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The study thus looks at the process (the evaluation criteria) and the product (actual scores).Out of a total of nine examination Boards in the Punjab, three are in the South Punjab (SP). 34 raters from Multan, and 30 from DG Khan and Bahawalpur Board each totaling 94 markers, evaluated 20 essays twice after a gap of at least six weeks. The raters were not provided any rating scale to evaluate the essay since none is provided by the Boards they work with. They were asked to evaluate the essays as they did in the real in the examination centers and give an overall score to each essay. Only the seasoned raters with a minimum of ten years experience were recruited for this study to control for the ‘experience’ variable. There were 5 essays on each of the four topics (A Picnic Party, Patriotism, Co-education and Science). The essay topics were selected from the previous examination questions. After all the markers (n=94) had examined the same essay set (n=20) the second time (Time 2) they were asked to write a short written commentary to explain their evaluation criteria .The quantity of the response varied among individual and groups. Out of 473 paragraphs, 265 were written by males and 208 by female respondents. Following this task, 20 raters were interviewed using semi-structured format to crosscheck and better understand the findings from the qualitative as well as quantitative data.