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Home > Farmers Perceptions and Their Coping Strategies Regarding the Impact of Climate Change in Rice-Wheat Cropping System of the Punjab Pakistan

Farmers Perceptions and Their Coping Strategies Regarding the Impact of Climate Change in Rice-Wheat Cropping System of the Punjab Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Sohail Akhtar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Rural Sociology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11089/1/Muhammad%20sohail%20Akhtar%20rural%20sociology%202019_UAF.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724715048

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Climate change has been proved to be a hidden risk to the development of countries all over the world. It is also estimated that climate variation will have significant negative effect on agricultural production in the developing countries of Asia in future. Pakistan is one of those countries which is a victim of the climate change and is already facing many problems like poverty and food security leading to threats to agriculture expansion. Theclimate change is ahead of all these due to decreasing agriculture production, prolong water scarcity and declined income growth. Agriculture plays a big role in the economy of Pakistan and climate change is a matter of serious concern.The main objective of the present study was to find out the factors affecting the coping strategies of farmers regarding the impact of climate change in the Punjab, Pakistan. Three districts from ricewheat cropping zone (Narowal, Sialkot and Gujranwala District) were selected randomly. A total sample of four hundred eight respondents was selected by systematic random sample technique. A well-structured interview schedule was used as research instrument for data collection. Collected data were analyzed statistically. In addition, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for the data analysis. It was found that education level of the farmers was low in the study area. Mostly farmers were having small size of land holding and a huge majority of them were owner cultivator. Mean area of wheat was 7.31±6.06 acres and mean area of rice was 6.25±5.60 acres. It was observed that long summer season (mean = 2.39±.73), shorter winter season (mean = 2.30±.75) and high temperature (mean = 2.14±.60) were the main perceptions concerning consequences of climate change in the study area. Industrial smoke (mean = 2.64±.69), excessive cutting of forest (mean = 2.57±.68) and human activities (mean = 2.51±.72) also led to change in environment. A vast majority (84.1%) of the selected farmers reported that climate change affected negatively their crop productivity. Crop production was not enough to meet the needs of the people (mean = 2.72±.62). So, a huge majority of the farmers had thinking that their annual income was decreased due to climate changes. A very small proportion of the farmers was aware of the existence of agricultural institution working for climate change here in the Punjab, Pakistan. It was also found that recommended varieties now than past decades’ (mean = 2.58±.72), applying more industrial pesticides (mean = 2.50±.76) and practicing crop diversification (mean = 2.36±.81), increased use of irrigation (mean = 2.19±.89) and integrated farming system (mean = 2.15±.91) were the major coping strategies for controlling the effect of climate changes and copping strategies had positive impact on crop productivity. It was clear from the results that the fellow farmers (mean = 2.24±.54), private company dealer (fertilizer & pesticides) (mean = 1.70±.74), Burjij/Wall chalking (mean = 1.53±.66), TV (mean = 1.47±.72), field assistant/Agri. officer of the Deptt. of agriculture (mean = 1.43±.52) and mobile phone (mean = 1.42±.64) were the major sources of communication/information concerning climate change. Bivariate analysis showed that farming experience and coping strategies is negatively associated with the impact of climate change on crop productivity. It was concluded that long summer season, shorter winter season and high temperature were the main perception concerning consequences of climate change in the research area. The crop productivity was negatively affected by climate changes. It is recommended that farmers should use recommended crop cultivars, fertilizers and practice crop diversification. Investment on improved agricultural technology by government and other stakeholders are necessary for agriculture to be able to cope with future climate change.
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مولانا اخترا حسن اصلا حی

مولانا اختراحسن اصلاحی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ مولانا اختر احسن صاحب اصلاحی مہتمم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر نے انتقال کیا، وہ مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، ان کو انھوں نے اپنی مخصوص طرز پر کلام مجید پر غور و فکر اور اس کی تفسیر و تاویل کی تعلیم دی تھی اور وہ اس کے اچھے شارح و ترجمان تھے، اور سیاست میں بھی پوری دستگاہ حاصل تھی، دینداری اور زہد میں بھی استاد بزرگ کے شاگرد رشید تھے، انھوں نے پوری زندگی نہایت سادگی اور قناعت کے ساتھ ایک قلیل معاوضہ پر مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی خدمت میں گذار دی، اس زمانہ میں غربت و عسرت کے ساتھ علم و دین کی خدمت صرف عربی مدارس کا حصہ ہے وہ طبعاً نیک نفس، خاموش، عزت پسند اور نام و نمود سے بے نیاز تھے، ورنہ ان کے بعض رفقاء کی طرح ان کا شمار بھی مشاہیر میں ہوتا، مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی روح رواں اب وہی تھے، وفات کے وقت پچپن سال کے قریب عمر رہی ہوگی، اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و دین کے اس خادم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۵۸ء)

 

جنات کی حقیقت (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ)

Some things we can not drive and achieve ethics from wisdom and philosophical thought.  Just as Jinnah (Jinn). Literary word Jinnah (jinn ) is derive from the Arabic alphabet means to hide or  cancel. Thus as their description suggests that  they are invisible physically. Different views has been recorded and reported that these are not a  created being, just a doubt or (whim) but others believe them a creature not a result of any hidden feeling  sense of thought but here sacred jurisprudence (shari’ah) states that they are created one like humans having proper way of  youth and puberty, having domestic life and science suffered towards death lastly human eye can  not see us bound to fulfill the requirement of shari’ah and observed to keep in different sects and tribes persuasion like us. Human and jinnat as power and authority.  Quran proves courtery which we can not ignore. “ I did not create the jinns and human except to worship me”(51/56). Islamic jurisprudence is the best source to prove to existence of jinns with beliefs and thick proof   as Rab e kareem say, s “ Indeed we created man from dried clay of  black smooth mud and we created the jinn before that from the smokeless flame of fire”.(15: 26/27)

Seed Yield Potential, Forage Yield and Quality Attributes of Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L. under Various Management Practices

Cutting frequency, a critical factor influencing harvested forage yield, nutritive quality of forage and stand persistence, is normally linked with the time of flowering. This represents a significant changeable factor among quantity, quality, and length of the alfalfa crop. Furthermore, these factors are strongly correlated to the environmental situation and agronomic practices. A study was conducted to investigate the seed and forage yield potential of alfalfa under different cutting schedule, seeding rats and sowing methods. During this study one field and one pot experiment was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the growing seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. In field experiment three cutting schedules (28, 35 and 42 day’s interval) along with three seeding rates (10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1) and four sowing methods (Broadcasting, 30, 45 and 60 cm apart rows) were evaluated. After the removal of first forage cutting 70 days after sowing (DAS), next alfalfa cutting was done at 28, 35 and 42 days interval for 2nd and 3rd cuts. After taking three forage cuts the alfalfa crop was left for seed production. Results of the field experiment showed that with Plant height, fresh and dry weight of alfalfa increased with longer cutting schedule of 42 days interval (C3), lower seeding rates 10 kg ha-1 and wider row spacing (60 cm). Moreover, number of stems m-2, fresh and dry matter yields ha-1 was higher with longer cutting schedule (42 days interval), higher seeding rates and narrow row spacing. Among quality parameters crude protein (CP), relative feed value (RFV) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) was higher with shorter cutting interval, higher seeding rate and narrow row spacing. However crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were decreased with shorter cutting interval, higher seeding rates and narrow row spacing. The 28 days cutting interval when last cutting date for seed production (19 February), lower seeding rates and wider row spacing produced significantly higher racemes m-2, number of seeds per pod-1 and higher seed yield ha-1 compared to all other treatment combinations. Similarly higher pods per raceme were produced by last cutting date (19 February), lower seeding rate and wider row spacing. After collecting seed from field experiment, a second experiment was conducted to evaluate the emergence and vigor of alfalfa seed. Result showed that the seed produced from the plots harvested on 19th February with seeding rate of 10 kg ha-1 sown at 60 cm apart row, plots harvested on 5th March with seeding rates of 10 kg ha-1 sown at 60 cm apart row and the plots harvested on 19 February last forage cut with seeding rate of 15 kg ha-1 sown at 60 cm apart row took less time taken to 50% emergence and mean emergence time while higher emergence index (EI), Energy of emergence (EE) and final emergence percentage (FEP) of alfalfa produced seed over other treatments. Similarly, the seed produced from the plots harvested on 19 February with seeding rate of 10 kg ha-1 sown at 60 cm apart row significantly produced higher shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight per plant as compared to other treatments. Therefore, using 10 kg ha-1 seeding rate with 60 cm row spacing and left 4th cut for seed production on 19th February proved to be the most economical strategy to achieve maximum forage and seed yields of better quality.