Home > Financial Fundamentals, Economical Fundamentals or Trade Foundamentals: What Matters the Most for Volatilities and Inertia Against Volatilities in Automotive Markets of the World The Application of Novel Two Stage Subhani-Garch to Guage Inertia
Financial Fundamentals, Economical Fundamentals or Trade Foundamentals: What Matters the Most for Volatilities and Inertia Against Volatilities in Automotive Markets of the World The Application of Novel Two Stage Subhani-Garch to Guage Inertia
This thesis is an attempt to develop the method and the model to measure the viscosities and inertia against the volatalities in the time series of automotives’ (cars) world sales, market share and the world net exports in the presence of finanicial, economical and trade fundamentals while investigating the automotive industry of top 26 automotive producing nations in terms of stated automotive variables in connection with financial fundamentals which include proxies of stock market (change in closing shares/stocks prices and trading volume of stocks) economical fundamentals include nations’ prosperity (per capita income, GDP growth rate and employment rate), and domestic energy oil market players (domestic energy oil productions and domestic energy oil consumption) and trade fundamentals include,international trade players (inflation rate, net exports of all goods and services and foreign exchange rates) and International price players (comprised on international oil price and international gold price). The data of automotives (car) world sales, market shares and the world net exports along with the all selected fundamentals of all top 26 automotive (cars) producing nations were collected from the comtrade, Eikon, data stream of Thomson Reuters and yahoo finace. Simulation of GARCH 1, 1 with winters Holt procedure was used to develop a novel model (two stage Subhani-GARCH model) to address the main objective of this research which were, investigating the viscosities (1st step of two stage Subhani GARCH 1,1 process) and the inertia/ Subhani inertia (2nd step of two stage subhani GARCH 1,1 process) gainst the volatilities in the given time series. Besides investigating the main objective, various other corollaries and propositions were also framed and investigated for catering the questions of presence of volatilities, AR processes and non-stationarities in the stated automotive series.GARCH 1, 1 process VAR and ADF unit root test were employed to investigate framed corollaries and propositions. Findings confirmed that all stated top 26 automotive nations have shown, more or less same non-volatile trends with few exceptions while same AR process and same shocking behavior of the automotive (cars) world sales, market share and net exports for these top automotives manufacturing countries were found observed for last several years which cover more than a decade ranging from 2002 to 2014. Whereas, the novel two stage Subhani-GARCH 1, 1 model confirmed the presence of viscosity in all of outlined series of all top automotives (cars) manufacturing nations and inertia in only those series which were volatiles.
مجید احمد تاثیرؔ (۱۹۱۲ئ۔۱۹۸۶ئ) کا اصل نام مجید احمد اورتاثیرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ میٹرک مادرِ علمی علامہ اقبال سے پاس کیا۔ ۱۹۳۳ء میں امر تسر کے ایم اے اوکالج کے طالب علم بھی رہے۔ جہاں ان دنوں ڈاکٹر رشید جہاں اور میاں ڈاکٹر محمود الظفر اُستاد تھے۔ مجید تاثیرؔ امر تسر کی ادبی محفلوں میں شعر و شاعری کرتے رہے۔ فیضؔسے ان کے پرانے تعلقات تھے۔طب کی تعلیم کے لیے تاثیر طبیہ کالج دہلی چلے گئے۔ اس زمانے میں نظم کی طرف توجہ ہوئی اور جوش ملیح آبادی سے دوستی ہوئی۔سیالکوٹ میں تاثیر نے بڑے بڑے مشاعرے کروائے۔ جن میں جوشؔ اور جگرؔ جیسے شاعروں کو مدعو کیا گیا۔(۵۶۴) لاہور آکر تاثیر نے کچھ عرصہ ملازمت بھی کی۔ آپ نے انار کلی میں ہمدرد مطب قائم کیا۔ جو ش ملیح آبادی جب بھی لاہور آتے تھے ان کے ہمراہ جو چند اصحاب موجود رہتے تھے۔ ان میں تاثیر بھی تھے جوش صاحب مجید تاثیر کی رباعیات کی بہت زیادہ تعریف کرتے تھے۔(۵۶۵) اُن کا شعری مجموعہ ’’رباعیات تاثیر‘‘ الوقار پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائعکیا۔ یہ مجموعہ کلام رباعیات ،رومانی نظموں اور غزلیات پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس مجموعے کے دو سو سات صفحات ہیں۔اس کتاب کے آغا ز میں ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی نے ’’پیشِ لفظ‘‘ احمد ندیم قاسمی نے تعارف’’مجید احمد تاثیر‘‘ ناہید سلمیٰ نے مضمون’’ تجھے اے زندگی لائوں کہاں سے‘‘ ڈاکٹر سید عبداللہ نے تعارف کتاب’’رباعیاتِ تاثیر ‘‘ ڈاکٹر عبادت بریلوی نے تعارف’’رباعیاتِ تاثیر‘‘ اور جوش ملیح آبادی نے ’’تعارف مجید تاثیر ‘‘پیش کیا ہے۔ جوش نے تاثیرؔ کے تعارف کے ساتھ ایک رباعی بھی لکھی ہے۔ جو درج ذیل ہے: چرخ شعر و ادب کے تارے تم ہو جوئے قند و شکر کے دھارے تم ہو رکھو مہ و مہر پر قدم اے تاثیر شبیر حسن خان...
ABSTRACT: The Bible and the Qur’an are both replete with historical narratives related to previous nations, groups, individuals, and prophets. Both the sources have described, among others, Prophet Sulayman from various angles. These descriptions of Prophet Sulayman in the two great Scriptures are not similar everywhere. There are dissimilarities too. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between Biblical descriptions of Prophet Solomon and Qur’anic descriptions of Prophet Sulayman? This question has been addressed in the present paper with critical overtones.
β-Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent forms of congenital blood disorders characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels with severe complications, affecting all dimensions of life. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic heterogeneity of β-thalassemia are still poorly understood. Current standard treatment of β-thalassemia (i.e., blood transfusion, iron chelation, splenectomy, and treatment of complications) is based on symptoms of each patient. Augmentation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production has been an enduring therapeutic objective in β-thalassemia patients for which hydroxyurea (HU) have largely been the drug of choice and the most cost-effective approach. Advancements in metabolomics offer an efficient solution to study the complexity of diseases at the molecular level that expands treatment strategies. This study is designed on metabolite profiling to improve mechanistic understanding of phenotypic heterogeneity of β-thalassemia and hence better management of this disorder. Firstly, untargeted serum metabolites were analyzed after protein precipitation and SPE (solid phase extraction) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 40 metabolites were identified having a significant difference between patients and control at probability of 0.05 and fold change >1.5. 17 were up-regulated while 23 were down-regulated. PCA and PLS-DA models revealed a fine separation with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100% on external validation of samples. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed alteration in multiple pathways. Then, a follow up metabolomics study on the serum of 40 β-thalassemia patients before and after HU administration was done along with 70 other HU treated samples and healthy controls. The HU treated patients were further classified into good (GR), partial (PR) and non-responders (NR) according to their response. 25 metabolites that were altered before HU therapy at p ≤0.05 and fold change >2.0 in β-thalassemia patients; started reverting towards healthy after HU treatment. Metabolic pathway analysis also revealed that metabolism of linoleic acid, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, galactose, fatty acid biosynthesis, metabolism and their elongation in mitochondria were also reverted after HU therapy. As fatty acids (FAs) are not only involved in maintaining membrane integrity but also have biological activities that influence cell and tissue metabolism, function, and responsiveness to hormonal and other signals. Therefore, finally targeted quantification of thirteen free fatty acids was carried out to disclose the prognosis of HU in β-thalassemia using the combination of random forest (RF) with gas chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (GC-MRM-MS). Docosanoic acid (C22:0) was most significantly altered in β-thalassemia as compared to healthy while erucic acid (C22:1 Δcis-13) can be used as potential marker of HU prognosis because its level became significantly dissimilar in same patients in response to HU. However, all three groups i.e. healthy, β-thalassemia and β-thalassemia after HU treatment differ because of nervonic acid (C24:1 Δcis-15). Moreover, HU therapy also increased apo A1 and decreased apo B protein levels. In inference, we noticed that HU therapy not only reduces need of blood transfusion in β-thalassemia but also rectifies the serum fatty acid profile and lowered the apolipoproteins ratio (apo B/apo A1), thus reducing the risk of CVD in these patients.