فقہی اور قانونی فکر کے حوالے سےمسلم تمدن جس انتشار کا شکار ہے اس کے سدباب کے لیے اہل علم کو فرو عی مسائل میں الجھنے کی بجائے مسالک کو قریب کرنے کے لیے کام کرنا چاہیے۔
ڈاکٹر غزالی ‘‘احکام القرآن’’ کے بارے میں کہتے ہیں کہ حنفی فقہی روایت کی شان و شوکت یہ تفسیر ہے۔ البتہ یہاں ایک اہم سوال ہے کہ احکام قرآن پر جتنی بھی تفاسیر لکھی گئیں۔ ان کا بڑا ہدف اور مقصد اپنے مسلک کی نگہبانی کرنا ہے اسی وجہ سے فقہی تفسیر اپنی علمیت اور موضوعیت کھو بیٹھی۔ دراصل مولانا اشرف علی تھانوی کی یہ تفسیر عالم اسلام کے اطراف سے اٹھنے والی ایک مخلص صدا کا ایک سلسلہ ہے۔ جس سے مراد یہ ہے کہ اسلامی فقہی مسالک و مذاہب سے بیزاری مسائل کا حل نہیں اوران لوگوں کے لیے لمحہ فکریہ ہے جو فقہی مدارس کو فرقہ واریت کا سبب قرار دیتے ہیں۔ ان کو اس ملک سے نکال دینا چاہیے کیونکہ امت کے مرض کی تشخیص اور اس کے علاج کی تجویز میں ہر دور میں غلطی ہوئی ہے ۔
Background of the Study: The aim of the present research was to examine the assessment practices of Speech-Language Pathologists for Cognitive Communication Disorders after Traumatic Brain Injury.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional survey method, a convenient sampling technique. Research was carried out from January 2021 to June 2021. The sample size was n=21, out of which n= 9 (42.8%) participants, each from Rawalpindi and Islamabad n= 3 (14.4%) participants from Lahore filled in their responses. Medium; being Online, the questionnaire was distributed either through email, WhatsApp or Facebook MessengerApp. SLPs who were undergraduates or who had no experience working with TBI clients were excluded. Questionnaire included 12 items. Responses of research participants were recorded using Google Forms and presented in the form of n (%). The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and chi-square analysis was performed to confirm the association between settings, city of practice and years of experience through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22.0.
Results: Speech-Language Pathologists reported that they routinely assessed (62% each) Receptive and Expressive communication. However; less than half of the participants routinely evaluated domains like verbal pragmatic skills (43.3%), functional communication (33.3%) and phonemic awareness (33.3%). SLPs assessed their clients by employing tests like MoCA (55.62%), Quick Aphasia Battery (18.75%), Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA Protocol) (14.35%) and a combination of Formal (48%) and Informal (52%) clinical interviews.
Conclusion: Informal discourse assessment is incorporated more frequently as compared to informal discourse evaluation in assessment practices of Speech-Language pathologists of Pakistan for cognitive communication impairment followed by traumatic brain injury.
This research is focused on finding whether brand extension strategy can be used in this glocalized markets and what are the antecedents (Mediating and Moderating variables) of successful brand extension? Glocalization has become a serious concern for managers that they have to manage the global brands with local trends and local brands in the global trends. Brand extension is a strategy in which new products can be launched under existing brand name due to which multinational and local firms expects that their consumers will respond to the product either positively or negatively because they are already familiar of the existing brand name or the parent brand. Two actual real time brands one representing close extension and other an example of distance extension has been used in this research and the sample respondents have been selected in a way that it is a good representation of population. No such broad and empirical research on brand extension in Pakistani context has been carried out. The independent variables used in this study are (1) Consumer Perceived Brand Concept, (2) Brand Image (3) Brand loyalty (4) Brand Evangelist (5) Parent Brand Conviction (6) Perceived Risk of unknown (7) Marketing support (8) Parent Brand Experience (9) Consumer Perceived Fit and dependent variable was Successful brand extension evaluation. Self developed questionnaire with items adapted from various past studies was self administrated among the sample respondents by simple random sampling. For close (Sufi Frozen Food) extension 464 sample respondents filled questionnaire. For Distance (Guard Rice) extension 432 respondents filled out questionnaire. Questionnaire was distributed outside famous big retail grocery stores like Agha‟s , Naheed, Chaseup and Imtiaz store located in Clifton Schon Circle, Shaheed-e-Millat Road and KPT Interchange respectively. 27 hypotheses were formulated for Close and Distance extensions. Data screening was performed on the data collected like Missing values, Aberrant values, detecting outliers (Mahalanobis distance) from the respondents, Normality test and questionnaire reliability. Cronbach Alpha was taken out of 37 question items and instrument revealed reliability with score greater than 0.6. Hierarchical regression, Single Mediation, Multi mediation (Sobel Test, Preacher & Hayes test) and Moderation analysis were applied to test the hypotheses. After test run lot of new concepts have unfold which are important to know before one opts for brand extension strategy in the glocal market context. Results reveal previous parent brand image built does not affect the consumer evaluation and hence managers should not worry about the past positive or negative image while deciding to use brand extension strategy for close or distance extension for brand development. Perceived Risk of Unknown as moderator does not moderate the relationship between Brand Image and Success of Brand Extension Evaluation. It means that these days consumers in Pakistan are not worried to put their money on unknown brand.