عبدالرحمن خان نشترؔ
جناب عبدالرحمن خان نشتر کی وفات نے پورے اترپردیش کو سوگوار بنادیا ہے، وہ اس صوبہ کے ایک مقبول اور ہر دلعزیز لیڈر تھے، ان پر دو بار دل کی بیماری کا حملہ ہوچکا تھا، ۷؍ اکتوبر کو بریلی کے ایک مشاعرہ میں نعتیہ کلام سماعت فرما رہے تھے کہ پھر حملہ ہوا اور جاں بحق ہوگئے، اِناﷲِ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون، انھوں نے پہلے کان پور میں تجارت شروع کی، پھر قوم و وطن کی خدمت کے لیے اپنی زندگی وقف کردی وہ کانگریس پارٹی کے سرگرم اور مخلص کارکن تھے، مختلف تنظیمی عہدوں پر فائز رہنے کے علاوہ وزیر بھی رہے، اقلیتوں کے مسائل اور قومی یکجہتی کے پروگرام سے دلچسپی کی بناء پر کانگریس کے اقلیتی سیل کے صدر اور ریاستی قومی یکجہتی کونسل کے نائب صدر مقرر کیے گئے، جو بھی عہدہ اور ذمہ داری انھیں سپرد کی جاتی، اسے محنت، قابلیت اور دیانت داری سے انجام دیتے اور نیک نامی حاصل کرتے۔
نشتر صاحب ایک خوش عقیدہ مسلمان اور بزرگان دین کے بڑے متعقد تھے، مزاروں پر بھی حاضری دیتے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، تلاوت قرآن میں ناغہ نہ کرتے، حج کا فریضہ بھی ادا کیا تھا، گزشتہ سال لکھنو کی تقدس حج کانفرنس کا افتتاح کرتے ہوئے انھوں نے جو پرمغز اور دلنشین تقریر کی اس سے لوگ بہت متاثر ہوئے، اس سے ان کی گہری مذہبیت کا بھی اندازہ ہوا، مسلمانوں کے مخصوص مسائل سے بھی دلچسپی لیتے اور اس کے لیے جرأت و بے باکی سے آواز بلند کرتے، وہ اپنی نیکی، شرافت، وضعداری اور انسانیت دوستی کی وجہ سے ہر طبقہ میں مقبول تھے، دوسروں کی مدد کرکے خوش ہوتے، بڑے عہدوں پر فائر ہونے کے باوجود عوام سے بھی برابر رابطہ قائم رکھتے، راقم سے ملاقات ہوتی تو بڑے تپاک سے ملتے...
Rotifers are zooplanktons that react more sharply to the environmental changes. Objective: To better understand the community composition of rotifers in Safari Zoo Lake, Lahore, PakistanMethods: wecollected 16 water samples on monthly basis, dividing lake into four major sites: northern, southern, eastern, and western sites. Each of these was further subdivided into four locations, for a total of 16 sampling sites. A total 23 rotifer species were recorded from the lake with Brachionus calyciflorus having maximum abundance. A species abundance curve was plotted between months and number of species of rotifers indicating their lowest and highest abundance through the study period. Results: A Cluster Analysis yielded three main groups of closely related species including species like Brachionus quadridentatus, Synchaeta stylata and Brachionus calyciflorusetc. We used a Principal Component Analysis (I and II) to study variation in the rotifer community on a seasonal basis and among sampling sites. A biplot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA I) reflected the relationship of rotifers with the months. Some of the species showed a positive positive relationship, while others showed negative one. PCA II was plotted between months and physico-chemical parameters showing their negative and positive relations. Conclusions: We conclude that a lesser replacement of fresh water, increased density of waterfowl, reptilia and solid waste left overduring boating has resulted in eutrophication of lake leading to overall low diversity of rotifers observed
Dissertation title: Reinforcing fear appeals in social marketing using systematic interaction and social norms to induce physical activity. Purpose: The study aims to empirically verify the conceptual advancement of social marketing using group centered approaches to counter poor social habits that could hardly be addressed through conventional promotional techniques, persuasion and one way communication specially targeting individual behavior change. This study examines the relationship among five variables i.e. systematic interaction, social norms, fear appeals, exercise intention and physical activity behaviour. The mediating role of fear appeals and exercise intention between systematic interaction, social norms and physical activity behaviour was examined; and, also examined the long-term impact of systematic interaction on behaviour. Methodology: Integrated paradigm has been used as an effective process to better understand the phenomenon of social marketing and its empirical verification that broadens the perspective of social marketing. This longitudinal experimental study used mixed method design to examine the efficacy of interactive paradigm in social marketing. For this purpose, Activity theory (an outshoot of group dynamics) was used as a strategic tool to manage group interaction and discussion among study participants. Eligible sample was randomly assigned to treatment group and control group. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The qualitative data was analyzed using QSR NVIVO. Findings: The results significantly revealed that the systematic interaction had a positive effect on fear appeals, physical activity, exercise intention and behavior. Fear appeals have positive and significant effect on exercise intention. Physical activity is positively related to social norms. Systematic interaction is positively related to social norms. Social norm is positively related to fear appeals. Results also showed that exercise intention mediates the relationship between fear appeals and physical activity. Findings explain new understanding and insights that strengthen the objective of using systematic interaction in social marketing as well as theoretical and practical 9 applications of the theories used as a progeny of group dynamics and substantiate the spectrum of outcome and consequential benefits that bring about efficacy of the concept of social marketing and broaden the scope in development programs. The qualitative outcomes assessment of this study depicts the linkages of the talk pattern with central word physical activity. Using activity theory results from qualitative study are grouped into four categories; artifacts producing activities, subject producing activities, rule producing activities and activities related to community transformation. Originality/Value: This is an original study using activity theory, a progeny of group dynamics employing a longitudinal mixed method research design. The participatory paradigm using systematic interaction is a key factor that enhances the value for social marketing programs to achieve desired behaviour change.