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Home > Identity in Pakistan’S Foreign Policy: Collaboration With Usa

Identity in Pakistan’S Foreign Policy: Collaboration With Usa

Thesis Info

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Author

Syed, Imran

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Political science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2948/1/Imran_Syed_International_Relations_QAU_2016_10.02.2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724754015

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This dissert ation aims to understand the identit y constructions that accompany Pakistan‘s securit y related foreign policy collaboration with USA. This research is motivated by three question s. Firstl y, can an appropriate theoretical framework be designed to conduct th is inquiry? Secondl y, what were the identity constructions that attempted to accommodate Pakistan‘s collaboration with USA? Thirdl y, w ere there any contradictions in the identit y constructions that accompanied the collaboration? A review of literature has shown that not much scholarl y work has been undertaken on the identit y of Pakistan and no scholarl y literature could be found to have focused on the dissertation‘s topic. This research is significant because it will help advance the understanding of Pakistan‘s foreign policy and will illuminate aspects of Pakistan‘s relation with USA. Using a constructive theoretical framework the dissertation looks at three distinct periods of securit y collaboration between Pakistan and USA, which cumulativel y span thirt y seven years. The findings from the research illustrate that during the first period of cooperation with USA, Pakistani identit y constructions sought to build convergences around shared values of democracy and progress. In the second period the focus shift ed to Islam and saving Muslims. In the third period the identit y constructions focus ed on projecting a moderate Islamic world view and distancing Pakistan from radical Islam. Islam is an aspect of identit y that is important during the three periods of Pakis tan‘s cooperation with USA. However, Islam is invoked in different manners 12and, overall, no single identit y construct anchor s the cooperation. The Pakistani attempts at identit y constructions are weakened because of inherent contradictions. These include the general lack of support b y USA for Muslim countries of the Middle East , the divergence between USA‘s support for democracy and Pakistan‘s intermittent dictatorships , and the comprise of Pakistan‘s sovereignty that comes with Pakistan‘s support for the USA led War on Terror.
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تحویل قبلہ

تحویل قبلہ:
تحویل کعبہ کی وجہ:آنحضرتؐ نے سولہ یا سترہ ماہ بیت المقدس کی طرف نماز ادا کی لیکن جب اسلام پھیلا تو اب کوئی وجہ جواز نہ تھی کہ اصل قبلہ کو چھوڑ کر دوسری طرف رخ کر کے نماز پڑھی جاتی۔ اس پر یہ آیت اتری۔’’ فَوَلَّ وَجھَکَ شَطرالمسجدَ الحَرَامِ وَحَیثُ مَا کُنتُم فَوَلُّوا وَجُوھَکُم شَطرَہَ‘‘ ( البقرہ۔۱۴۴)’’ تو اپنا منھ مسجد الحرام کی طرف پھیرو اور جہاں کہیں رہو اسی طرح منھ پھیرو‘‘۔ اس پر یہودیوں کو دکھ ہوا اور غصہ میں لال ہو رہے تھے۔ اب تک قبلہ بیت المقدس تھا وہ فخر کرتے تھے۔ اب وہ فخر زمین بوس ہو گیا۔ اس پر انھوں نے طعن شروع کیا کہ پیغمبر اسلامﷺ ہر بات میں ہمارا مخالف ہے اس لیے قبلہ بدل لیا یا ان کو اس سے پھیر دیا؟ اس قسم کے دیگر اٹھنے والے سوالات کا جواب قرآن کریم نے فرمایا( بقرہ۔۱۴۲) ترجمہ: سفہا یہ اعتراض کریں گے کہ مسلمانوں کا جو قبلہ تھا اس سے ان کو کس نے پھیر دیا۔کہہ دو کہ مشرق و مغرب سب خدا ہی کا ہے‘‘ ’’ قل للہ المشرق و المغرب‘‘ قرآن کریم نے ایک اور وجہ بتائی’’ تیرا جو قبلہ پہلے تھا اس کو جو ہم نے پھر قبلہ کر دیا تو اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ یہ معلوم ہو جائے کہ پیغمبر کا پیرو کون ہے اور پیچھے پھر جانے والا کون ہے؟ اور بے شبہ یہ قبلہ نہایت گراں اور ناگوار ہے بہ جز ان لوگوں کے جن کو خدا نے ہدایت کی ہے‘‘۔ بہت سے یہودی منافقانہ انداز اپنائے ہوئے تھے۔ وہ مسلمانوں کے ساتھ نماز بھی پڑھتے لیکن اندر سے مسلمانوں کے دشمن تھے۔ جب تحویل قبلہ ہوا تو منافقت طشت ازبام ہو گئی۔کوئی یہودی کسی طرح گوارا نہیں کر سکتا تھا کہ جو چیز اس کی قومیت،...

اسلام میں عدل کی اہمیت

Islam is an institution of justice and moderation. It is a straight path and the Muslim fraternity is the nation which practices moderation and justice. The Islamic system is based on justice. If there are tears for the oppressed then there are swords for the oppressors. Allah do command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; and when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice: verily how excellent is the teaching which He gives you! For Allah is He Who hears and sees all things." [Quran 4: 58] Allah says in the Qur'an: “Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that you may receive admonition.” (Surah An-Nahl: 90) Establishing justice is the law of Allah. It is part of the balance which Allah has created. In Surah Ar-Rahman, Allah describes how He has created a balance of justice, and why as we discussed earlier, There are times when people do wrong in this world and get away with it. Sometimes, criminals commit crimes, and no one brings them to account. There are times when wrongdoers commit their evil deeds in the darkness of night, and no one witnesses their crime, other than their Creator. As Allah Himself created the balance of justice as His law in this world, Allah will not allow any injustice to happen, without bringing that person to account. Those matters which are not resolved in this world, Allah will deal with them in the hereafter…on the Day of Judgment. Every one of us was created by Allah, and every one of us will return to Him for final judgment. Allah's creatures cannot exceed the limits and the unlawful rights which the Creator has set for them.

Geological and Geotechnical Model of Support Systems in Thin Seam Coal Mines of Eastern Salt Range, Pakistan.

Coal has been using as a major source of energy all over the world formany centuries. In Pakistan, with an average estimation, coal reserves of about 185 billion tons has been reported and stands 7th in ranking based on the lignite coal resources which is being utilized for commercial as well as domestic usage. In the present study, 417 coal mines located in the Eastern Salt Range of Pakistan were visited, out of which only 64 mines were active. It was found that most of the mines in study area were abandoned due to poor quality of coal seam and failures due to stresses, seepage and poor support system. Despite living in the 21st century, obsolete methods for roof supports are being employed in the coal mines which is an alarming situation. In order to eliminate the above-mentioned issues so that maximum production can be achieved while considering the safety measures as well, a methodology was proposed in this research.Four classification systems, namely Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q-system, Laubscher’s Geomechanics Classification (MRMR) and Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR), were employed to characterize the rock masses, estimation of support system and support pressures. The data required for empirical studies was collected through geological and engineering geological mapping, discontinuity surveys and testing of samples of rock and timber in laboratory and in the fieldas well. The main rock units in the study area were limestone, sandstone, claystone, shale, carbonaceous shale and coal. According to the results of classification systems, it is evaluated that the rock units lay in different classes i.e. limestone is very good to poor, sandstone and claystone are good to very poor, shale and carbonaceous shale are fair to extremely poor, and coal is fair to very poor. The regression analyses of scattered data were conducted in order to establish relations among the classification systems. The results obtained were quite similar to the previous researches. RMR and CMRR classification systemsrecommended the installation of bolts and shotcrete,MRMR proposed the usage of timbering for strong lithologies while Q-system ended up with unsupported reinforcement category but usage of bolts isalways emphasized upon, in order to increase the factor of safety and avoid any fatal incident.