Brand equity has been realized as central to the marketing of any business including services of higher education institutions (HEIs). Being the direct recipients, students grow firsthand experience about the higher education institution’s brand and therefore, develop specific knowledge about it. Hence, the aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of student’s brand knowledge and its effect on brand equity and to further develop a typology of higher education institutions. This offers the HEIs the capacity to diagnose and solve problems that may help in maximizing the value of their brands. The study encompasses the customer-based brand equity perspective, which concentrated on the effect of two dimensions of brand knowledge that is brand awareness and brand image on brand equity. The study further focused on the relationship of brand knowledge with brand equity in developing a typology of HEIs. For this purpose, a cross-sectional analytical study conducted to verify the proposed model from a population that comprised of the major universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Using simple random and stratified sampling techniques, the data collected through 42 items survey questionnaire from a sample of 765 students of 12 HEIs. The instrument was adopted from the measures already certified as good, used successfully in different studies, and implemented after establishing the validity and reliability of the scales to suit the setting. The Pearson’s correlation and multiple-regression analyses conducted to test the hypotheses in the model. The results offered empirical proof partially validating the outcomes of previous studies with image related factors of brand knowledge deemed more significant than awareness related factors. Further, a four quadrant strategic typology identified and categorized based on the suggested framework. The study of typology development was an instant success however, with slightly unexpected results as only two typologies identified by the study results. Except for three HEIs all of the remaining Institutions were placed in the “champs” category in the typology which is by far the best category in the typology. The limitation and future directions for research are also discussed.
رومانیت: فیض اپنے کلام سے اپنے خشک زاہد اور ناصح ہونے کا تصور نہیں دیتے بلکہ پھول اور تلوار کے ساتھ ساتھ چشم و لب کی کاٹ کی باتیں بھی کرتے ہیں۔ ان کی اْفتاد ِ طبع رومانی ہے ان کے سینے میں پیار بھرا دل دھڑکتا ہے ان کے کلام میں لطافت اور نزاکت کی روحانی فضائ چھائی رہتی ہے وہ تصورِ جاناں پر سب کچھ نچھاور کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔ حسن ادا اور ندرت ِ بیان: فیض ندرت بیان سے قاری کواپنے سحر میں جکڑ لیتے ہیں اور ان کے کلام کا جتنا زیادہ مطالعہ کیا جائے نئے نئے خیالات و تصورات و ا ہوتے جاتے ہیں کیونکہ ان کے ہاں ندرت بیاں اور حسن ادا کی دلکش مثالیں پائی جاتی ہیں۔ جذبات کی ترجمانی: شاعری میں جذبات کی ترجمانی کے لئے صدق و خلوص انتہائی ضروری ہوتے ہیں صرف احساسات ، محسوسات اور جذبات کے بیان کا نام شاعری نہیں ہوا کرتا۔ فیض کے ہاں ہمیں پر خلوص جذبہ صداقت اور اْسلوب ِ اظہار پر کامل قدرت ہمیں بھر پور انداز میں ملتے ہیں۔ عشقیہ شاعری: فیض کی شاعری حقیقی جذبات کی عکاسی کرتی ہے ان کی شاعری میں عشق و مستی اور چاہت ومحبت کا بھی کثرت سے ذکر ملتا ہے ان کی شاعری محبت کا ایک دل آویز نمونہ ہے اس اظہار میں چاند کی چاندنی کی سی ٹھنڈک اور سکون ، باد نسیم سی نازک خرامی کے علاوہ محبت کا لوچ اور رس ہمیں دلکش پیرایے میں نظر آتا ہے۔ وطن پرستی: فیض کو اپنی مٹی سے پیا ر ہے۔ اس مٹی کو وہ محبوبہ کی طرح چاہتے ہیں۔ محبوبہ اور وطن میں وہ فرق نہیں کرتے اسلوب: دراصل فیض کا مخصوص لہجہ اور اسلوب ہی وہ جادو ہے جو قاری کو اپنا اسیر کر لیتا ہے اور ہر بار...
This research was done at the Construction Company in Pekanbaru. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of work stress, financial compensation and non-financial compensation on employee job satisfaction at the Construction Company in Pekanbaru. The sample in this study is an employee of the Construction Company in Pekanbaru of 35 people using saturated sampling or census techniques. To analyze the data in this study use quantitative descriptive techniques using double linear regression. Research findings show that work stress, financial compensation and non-financial compensation have a partial impact on employee job satisfaction. At the same time or simultaneously, work stress, financial compensation and non-financial compensation have a significant impact on employee employment satisfaction at the New Construction Company with known F counts of (35,566) ≥ Ftable (2,91) with a significant 0,000 ≤ 0,05, and a determination coefficient (R Square) value of 0,775 equals 77,5% which means that the work stress variables, economic compensation, and nonfinancy compensation affect employee job satisfaction of 77,5%.
Salinity is one of the serious environmental problem that caused reduction in crop productivity due to a number of direct and indirect effects in irrigated areas of arid and semiarid regions. Consortial inocula of rhizobial strains can be a competitive strategy to cope with the problem of salinity stress. In this study, a number of rhizobial strains were isolated from the root nodules of lentil and chickpea from the salt-affected fields. Fast growing rhizobial isolates were assessed for their ability to tolerate salt stress by conducting osmoadaptation assay. These strains were further screened for their ability to promote growth of maize seedlings under salt-stressed axenic conditions. Four most effective isolates (LRM- 5, LRM-10, CRM-7 and CRM-7) were selected and their compatibility for synergism was studied. Performance of these four strains and their combination was evaluated in pot and field trials for their potential to improve growth and yield of maize under salt-stressed conditions. After harvesting the maize, lentil and chickpea crops were grown in the respective pots and plots of fields to study the residual effect of rhizobial inoculation on these legumes. Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, physiological parameters, and yield of maize and increased the antioxidant activities of salt stressed plants many folds but rhizobial inoculation improved these, thus reducing the inhibitory effects of salinity. However, their combined application was more effective under salinity. Further residual effect of inoculated maize impart a significant improvement in nodulation and yields of legume crops grown subsequently. These rhizobial strain from different legumes in a combination could be very effective inoculant to improve productivity of maize-legume cropping system under salt affected conditions. However, the degree to which these inoculants impart benefits to plant growth can vary with soil conditions. A combination of rhizobial strains with multiple traits could be more useful under diverse conditions compared to a strains containing single trait.