IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN KITAB TALIM AL-MUTA ALLIM DALAM PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN ALKHAIRAAT MADINATUL ILMI DOLO

The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation or application of instructional books Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim the moral formation of students at boarding school Alkhairaat Madinatul Ilmi Dolo. The qualitative method is used as a method of approach in this study by using observation data collection, interviews, and documentation are analyzed by using the method of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The research indicate is result of learning book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim  is one book that discusses the presentation on moral learning that must be owned by the students in their studies. Terpokus description on what attitudes must be done by the students in studying good relationship with the teacher (Kiai), with fellow students, as well as how it should be enacting the books (the book) he learned it. In other words, this book is a guideline or code of conduct that students succeed in their studies either in accordance with laid down by Islam. By studying the book Ta'li m al-Muta'allim such, the students should be able to practice and broadcast both inside and outside the boarding school / community. As for the implementation of Learning book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim  the moral formation of students at boarding school Alkhairaat Madinatul Ilmi Dolo is providing direct guidance of teaching through the book, namely by providing appropriate role models that are suggested or taught by the book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim. Therefore, application of the Book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim  between teachers and students in learning is usually not optimal, the influence of the factors of teachers, for example exemplary. So, it should be an important practice, not only wants his students to master learning the book but have a direct practice.

Production, Purification and Characterization of Biosurfactants from Bacillus Spp. and Their Potential Applications in Food and Pharmaceutical Products

Biosurfactants are the secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi and yeast. The aim of the present study was to isolate the Bacillus spp. from the soil to carry out production, extraction and purification of biosurfactants and to evaluate different properties for their potential applications in food and pharmaceutical products. The study was carried out in three different phases. In Phase I, three indigenous strains of B. cereus MMIC 1, MMIC 2 and MMIC 3 were isolated and identified from the garden soil samples followed by their molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Phase II included the production of lipopeptide biosurfactants from these native strains using different agro-industrial wastes as carbon source. All three strains showed significant biosurfactant production potential. The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production were 37°C, 7th day of incubation, 0.5 % NaCl and pH 6.5. The corn steep liquor was found to be the best carbon source for the maximum yield. These biosurfactants were classified as cationic lipopeptides. The lipopeptide biosurfactants were safe/noncytotoxic, thermally stable (50°C) and tolerated acidity (pH=2). In Phase III, evaluation of these biosurfactants exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Moreover, they also possessed excellent antifungal activity against A. niger and C. albicans and antiviral activity against NDV. The biosurfactants had the ability to emulsify olive oil, mustard oil and canola oil. They also showed very good antioxidant activity. Besides, they served as an excellent adjuvant in inactivated AIV-H9N2 vaccine and boosted humoral immune response of broiler and layer birds comparable to oil adjuvanted vaccine. Consequently, the study offers an insight for the exploration of new bioactive molecules from the soil. It was concluded that lipopeptide biosurfactants produced from three native strains of B. cereus may be recommended as safe bio-products in food and pharmaceutical industry over commercially available synthetic surfactants in future.