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Impact of Formative Evaluation and Fixed Interval Schedule Reinforcement on Academic Achievements of Secondary School Students

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Mehmood, Tahir

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1940

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724766430

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Title “Impact of formative evaluation and fixed interval schedule reinforcement on academic achievements of secondary school students” The study was designed to find out the impact of formative evaluation and fixed interval schedule reinforcement on academic achievements of secondary schools students. It was experimental design and completed in two phases with the duration of 120 days, 60 days for each phase. In first phase experimental group was evaluated by formative evaluation and in second phase experimental group was evaluated formatively and also was given fixed interval schedule reinforcement. In first phase 60 students were randomly selected from 9 th class of Govt. High School Fateh Jang. This sample was divided into two equal groups. One served as control group and other as experimental group. A pretest was conducted to both the groups in the subjects of Math and English. Both groups were taught by subject specialist of Math and English. Control group was only taught and was not given any treatment whereas experimental group was taught and evaluated by teacher made test during session. After completion of 60 days teaching, a post test was conducted in Math and English. In second phase 60 students were randomly selected from 10 th class of Govt. High School Fateh Jang. This sample was divided into two equal groups. One served as control group and other as experimental group. A pretest was conducted to both the groups in the subjects of Math and English. Both groups were taught by subject specialist of Math and English. Control group was only taught and was not given any treatment whereas experimental group was taught and evaluated by teacher made test and reinforcement was given with a fixed interval schedule, after every six days, during session. After completion of 60 days teaching, a post test was conducted in Math and English. It was found that formative evaluation and fixed interval schedule reinforcement has significant relationship with learning and academic achievements in the subjects of Math and English at secondary school level. It is recommended that educational institutional management may arrange capacity building programs for teachers to familiarize them with evaluation, its importance and its process. The iimanagers of educational institutions may monitor teaching learning process with a view to implementing formative evaluations policy. Curriculum designers and developers may design and develop formative evaluation tools within curriculum documents for each subject keeping in view the requirements of fixed interval schedule reinforcement in the manuals for textbook instruction.
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حسرت ہی رہی مجھ پہ و ہ احسان کرے گا

حسرت ہی رہی مجھ پہ وہ احسان کرے گا
دیدار سے ہر درد کا درمان کرے گا

ہے عید کا دن آج وہ نکلے گا سنور کے
وہ عید کے دن حشر کا سامان کرے گا

بے چین مرے دل نہ رقیبوں سے ہوا کر
دشمن ہے تو ہر حال میں نقصان کرے گا

بیمارِ محبت ہے نکل جائے مطب سے
یہ اور مریضوں کو پریشان کرے گا

تائبؔ سے کبھی جان کو تو مانگ کے تو دیکھ
سو بار ترے نام پہ قربان کرے گا

صارفین کے حقوق: معاصر پاکستانی قوانین اور سیرت نبوی ﷺ کا تقابلی مطالعہ

In order to protect consumer rights, the government has made regular legislation on national and provincial level. In which the rights of the consumers are clearly explained. These rules are contemporary and comprehensive, those who are more likely to ensure the protection of consumer rights. With the help of these laws, different issues and conflicts of consumers can be resolved. The Sharia, the rights reserved for the users/consumers are also of a wide variety. In this article first the contemporary laws of Pakistan about the consumers protections has been explained and then in the lights of Saying of Muhammad (PBUH) the rights of users and consumers have been mentioned in details, in the last the comparison of the both laws is presented.

Teachers As Social Workers During Emergency Situation Floods of 2010 : A Case Study of Teachers Role in an Idp Camp at Sukkur, Pakistan

The study focuses on exploring the new roles as "social-workers" (beyond the formal teaching) that the teachers had to play, as schools were turned into shelters for internally displaced people (IDPs) in Sindh, during last year's flood disasters in Pakistan. For this purpose, the study adopted qualitative research methodology to inquire about the changing roles of the teachers in such situations, whereby the data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, focus group discussions and document analysis. In this regard, purposeful sampling was carried out to include those teachers who had served - as social workers- in context of an IDP camp in Sukkur, Sindh. The study was conducted in public sector primary schools (boys and girls) running in the same one building which was made shelter camp for IDPs at Sukkur, Pakistan. The findings suggest that during the emergency situations, the teachers were called upon to perform as social workers (the role which was new to them) to respond to the needs of the communities who were affected by the disaster. In this respect, the teachers were reported to have performed various roles (as social workers): psychological counselors, first aid providers fund raisers and managers, community mobilizers and various other roles (in addition to some educating roles). Given that these roles were new for the teachers, the study participants who were teachers reported some challenges and recommendations for their training to face such future situations which the study documents and represents. The study concludes that in the disaster situations, and especially in the context of Pakistan, a developing country context where the emergency response infra-structure and systems are inadequate, the teaches should be prepared to assume multiple roles (social work related) in addition to their regular teaching roles, and they should be trained for such situations. Hence the study in conclusion puts forward some recommendations for teacher education for teachers' preparation for emergency situations.