From the time of its birth Pakistan is facing turmoil and deprivation in all aspects of life, keeping it from coming at par with the rest of the world. For over six decades Pakistan has made little progress due to the unfair division of resources and gender discrimination. The burden of this scantiness was put intensely on the women folk. Women play a vital role in domestic functions. Their role should be enhanced by empowering them financially. Microfinance has been found as a main antidote to empower women and eradicate poverty. The focus of the study has been on micro-credit, given to the poor women to help them to initiate business, in order to increase their income which in the long run will empower them. Main objectives of the study were to determine the impact of microfinance on the self confidence and decision making power of women in the study area. For this purpose a sample of 235 women who had taken credit from the two major microfinance institutions National Rural Support Program (NRSP) and Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP) were randomly selected from three districts (Peshawar, Mardan, Swabi) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Information regarding demography and other variables were collected through structured questionnaire. In order to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of women empowerment, a structured interview schedule was also conducted. Different statistical instruments i.e. descriptive analyses, bar charts, bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to present the information scientifically, and to build up the relationship between the various explanatory variables and dependent variable. The analysis specifies that the response about joining microfinance was very encouraging. Beneficiaries of microfinance felt positive influence of microfinance on their level of self-confidence, family life, husband and wife relations, respect from in-laws, and decrease in household violence. Their decision making ability regarding income and expenditure, children education and health, had also increased. Women’s own perception after joining microfinance was also very positive. The study further concludes that personal and socio-political empowerment of women is greater in district Peshawar, while their economic empowerment is greater in district Swabi. Similarly the decision making ability of women is greater in district Mardan. It is suggested that the process of available credit should be made easier and outreach of micro finance sector should be expanded to other far-flung areas of the country.
جہالت ترقی کی دشمن ہے جہالت اور اس کے کئی ہم آواز الفاظ جیسے حماقت، عداوت، لعنت ،نفرت ایک سلیم الطبع شخص کے لیے کوئی اہمیت نہیں رکھتے بلکہ کئی اعتبار سے وہ ان سے بیگانہ رہتا ہے۔ ان میں بالخصوص جہالت ایک ایسا لفظ ہے کہ جو اس سے مانوس ہو جائے، جہالت کے پردے کو چاک نہ کرے، جہالت کے درخت کی آبیاری کرتا رہے جہالت کے نخلِ مضر کو خس وخاشاک سے صاف کرتار ہے، جہالت کے ناسور سے علم وحکمت کے نشتر سے پیپ نہ نکالے، اور اس کی بھینٹ چڑھ جائے تو اس کی جسمانی، روحانی ، اقتصادی، معاشی، معاشرتی ہر قسم کی ترقی رک جاتی ہے اور قعرِ مذلّت میں گر کر سسکیاں لے لے کر اپنی زندگی گزار دیتا ہے۔ تاریخ کی ورق گردانی کریں تو یہ بات مترشحّ ہوتی ہے کہ انسان نے جو بھی ترقی کی وہ جہالت کی چادر کوتار تار کر کے کی ہے۔ علم ، واقفیت، آگاہی سے ہی رفعتوں اور بلندیوں پر اپنی کمندیں ڈالی ہیں۔ اور جس نے جہالت کے بستر استراحت پر آرام کیا، جس نے جہالت کی شراب سے اپنے اعضائے جسمانی کو پرسکون رکھنے کی سعی ٔنا تمام کی اس کوزندگی میں کبھی سکون نہ ملا بلکہ در بدر کے دھکے ملے۔ جہالت کی چکی میں پستا رہا جہالت کے موذی سے ڈستا رہا علم سے مربوط اور وابستہ ہونے کی بنا پر انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات کہا گیا ہے۔ جہالت سے دوری اورعلم سے قربت ہی کی بدولت تو انسان کو فرشتوں پر بھی برتری اور فضیلت حاصل ہوئی، اسی کی بدولت انسان منصبِ خلافت پر فائز کیا گیا۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کے دل و دماغ کو بہترین صلاحیتوں سے نوازا ہے ان صلاحیتوں کو بروئے کار لاتے ہوئے وہ مسلسل ارتقاء کی منزلیں طے کرتا...
Christianity is the religion from the Hazrat Essa (A.S) the Holy Prophet of Allah. Christians believe that Christianity is a perfect religion and this religion save them from hell, and this religion is revealed from Allah. Christian knows that their ideology based upon Hazrat Essa (A.S) and they relate themselves towards Hazrat Essa (A.S). Different books in different languages have written on the Christianity like English, Arabic, Persian and other languages there are many books written on Christianity in Pakistani national language Urdu and the books written in many languages have translated in Urdu. The analysis put forward on Christianity in Urdu written books, one thing is clear that which author writes a good, topic on Christianity and on the other hand by studying Christianity students and readers feel easy and will understand about these books easily and search the relevant material easily. This article shows the analytical study of books written on Christianity in Urdu and translation from other languages nominated Urdu books.
Individual's ability to effectively cope with setbacks, persist, and overcome challenges and adversities is known as resilience. In the context of education, academic resilience among secondary school students of grade 9 Biology group can be developed through strategies, resources and supportive conditions that students, teachers, and parents can use to help reduce dropout rate and enhance motivation of students to attend schools. The study employed a qualitative research design, and a case study method to explore the perspectives of the participants. In depth, semi-structured interviews, field notes, observation checklist, snapshot of scenarios, local words (such as ta’lim-e quwwat-e bardasht) and pictures were used to engage in conversation to draw information from the respondents, regarding AR. The challenges to develop AR included, classroom size, and students own attitudes, their alienation from the academics, lack of innovation and novelty in teacher’s classroom pedagogies, and English language proficiency. Additionally, cultural and societal pressures included struggles affecting the students’ drive to become resilient both academically and generally. To cope with these multifaceted challenges faced by students, support and guidance are required to help students gain confidence and gradually improve their resilience. Without addressing these challenges, the problem of student’s dropout or staying in school without motivation to achieve, appear as an uphill battle. The implications for teachers, for parents, teacher educators, policy-makers and school leaders are many and suggest that developing students’ genuine academic resilience is a part of their overall resilience. Lastly, listening and involving students’ voices in developing their academic resilience is a central message of this study. The study presents some recommendations for future research to further explore this unexplored but vital for successful learning and living field.