مولانا شاہ محمد حلیم عطا شیخ
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ مولانا محمد شاہ حلیم عطاشیخ الحدیث ندوۃ العلما لکھنؤ نے ستر برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی۔آپ ضلع رائے بریلی کے مشہور قصبہ سلون کے باشندے تھے۔جہاں کی مشہور خانقاہ میں آپ کے برادر بزرگ سجادہ نشین ہیں۔ گھر کے اچھے کھاتے پیتے تھے۔لیکن ندوہ میں بہت معمولی طریقہ پر رہتے تھے۔ مرحوم عوامی شہرت کے عالم نہیں تھے اور نہ اپنے مزاجِ لا ابالی کی وجہ سے ہوسکتے تھے۔لیکن درحقیقت بہت اونچے درجہ کے فاضِل اور نہایت وسیع المطالعہ تھے۔ حدیث ان کاخاص فن تھا۔صحیح بخاری کے ساتھ عشق رکھتے تھے اور پھر حافظہ اس بلاکا تھا کہ جو کچھ پڑھتے تھے دماغ میں نقش ہوجاتا تھا ۔مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ انھیں چلتا پھرتاکتب خانہ کہاکرتے تھے۔ ندوہ کے اساتذہ تک اپنے فن کے مشکل مسائل میں ان سے برابر استفادہ کرتے رہتے تھے۔
علمی کمالات کے علاوہ اخلاق وفضائل کے اعتبارسے سلفِ صالحین کا نمونہ تھے۔ہرشخص سے بڑے تپاک سے ملتے تھے، چھوٹوں پر ان کی شفقت عام تھی،اپنے اساتذہ کاذکر بڑی عقیدت اور محبت سے کرتے اوراستادزادوں سے ان کے خوردہونے کے باوجود برادرانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے۔ کم وبیش ایک برس سے خون کے دباؤ کے عارضے میں مبتلا تھے۔ جولائی میں بہت شدید دورہ پڑا اور تقریباً ۴۸ گھنٹے بے ہوش رہے ۔ہرچند کہ بہتر سے بہتر علاج کیاگیا۔لیکن چوں کہ وقت پورا ہوچکاتھااس لیے کوئی افاقہ نہیں ہوااور آخروہ قیدِ حیات سے ہی آزاد ہوگئے ۔اﷲ تعالیٰ غریق رحمت کرے اور بیش از بیش ان کے مدارج بڑھائے ۔آمین [نومبر۱۹۵۵ء]
An Efforts to improve the morality of learners are always conducted in education. Educational institutions are morally obligated to increase personality development of their students. SDN Inpres Bumi Bahari Kec. Palu Barat through the implementation of school rules, intends to form the character of learners. This circumstance is the basis of this research. This research based on descriptive qualitative methods. The Source of data obtained from principals, teachers, and Learners. This research used varieties methods such as observation, interviews, and documentations in data collecting process. Furthermore, data that has been netted, analyzed using data reduction techniques, data display, and data verification. The results of the study concluded that the application of school rules can shape the behavior of learners to be a good personality. The behavior of learners is directed towards moral learner. The process of character building of learners finds some barriers because learners have a different understanding of school rules order. In addition, many students have a strong influence of the habits they bring from their homes, so they are not familiar with the rules set by their school.
Existing theories of the political party as an effective political organization focus on its delivering functions. The purpose of this research thesis is to explore and analyses the effectiveness of political parties, and to show the relationship among key variables under study such as, the Political Communication, the Political Finance and the Intra-Party Democracy on the effectiveness of major political parties in Pakistan. This study explores and discusses the way that these variables could create and establish the effectiveness model of the political party which can be best be compared and contrasted on the basis of these significant factors. A theoretically-oriented method was established to measure the impact of key factors like Intra Party Democracy, Political Finance and Political Communication and their contribution in ensuring and bringing the effectiveness of political parties in Pakistan. The primary data was gathered from a sample of 1000 respondents from eight different political parties. The sample consisted of people pertaining to multiple backgrounds and positions from all provinces of Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The instrument was developed and its validity and reliability was ensured. For empirical verification, in-depth statistical tests were applied including the Multiple Regression, the Structural Equation Model (SEM), theOne Sample T-test, the correlation, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis in order to test various assumptions of the study. Ten unstructured interviews were conducted to add in-depth richer insights into the study and support the most conceptual links in the qualitative model and lend support to most of the hypothesized one. Basedon these statistical assumptions, it can be revealed that factors like intra party democracy, political finance, and political communication have a significant impact on party effectiveness. This research revealed that most of the parties are internally less democratic with no defined and structured processes of electing leadership and candidates. Political parties are perceived as organizationally weak, personality-based, less securely rooted in society, ideologically less pragmatic, and institutionally weak. As a political institution , the political party can best aggregate the interest and mobilize the general public when strong institutional practices of electing leadership and candidates are well anchored in the formal processes of political parties. Research also delineates that a major contributory factor to the effectiveness, i.e. Political Finance has significant impact on party effectiveness and lays emphasis on improving civil society oversight in ensuring transparency and accountability in political finance. The research recommends that parties should ensure more inclusiveness in the decision-making process, build formal process and structure of democratic decision-making and strengthen Political Communication and Political Finance mechanisms, that political parties should be more representative, transparent and accountable in decision-making and it also suggests measures to build and enhance party effectiveness.