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Home > Impact of Tillage and Integrated Plant Nutrient Management on Cereal-Legume Cropping System Uner Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions.

Impact of Tillage and Integrated Plant Nutrient Management on Cereal-Legume Cropping System Uner Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions.

Thesis Info

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Author

Rashid, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

The University of Agriculture

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10400/1/Rashid%20PhD%20Thesis1.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724786667

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A series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the integrated application of organic and inorganic nutrient source, cropping systems and different tillage methods under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions and study their effects on soil physiochemical properties, soil fertility and crop productivity. The experiments were carried out at Agricultural Research Station Serai Naurang, Bannu, Pakistan. Tillage methods included deep (DT) and conventional shallow tillage (CT) while cropping system consisted of wheat-maize-wheat, wheat-mungbean-wheat under irrigated condition and wheat-mungbean-wheat, wheat-fallow-wheat under non-irrigated condition. The fertilizers treatments were farmer’s practice T1 (50 % NP), balance inorganic fertilizers T2 (100 % NPK recommended dose i.e. 120, 90 and 60 kg ha-1), integrated inorganic and organic fertilizers T3 (50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1) and T4 (25 % N + 100 % PK + 20 tons FYM ha-1). The experimental design was RCB with split-split plot arrangement having three replications. Tillage was allotted to main plots, cropping system to subplots and fertilizer treatments to sub-subplots. Deep tillage treatment resulted higher soil available water holding capacity, mineral N and lower soil bulk density than CT under both the conditions. Higher wheat straw, grain and total NPK uptakes was observed in DT than CT. The straw and grain yield of wheat significantly increased with deeply ploughed plots under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. However, soil organic matter (OM), AB-DTPA extractable P and K, pH, microbial biomass and population was not affected by any tillage methods. Mungbean-wheat cropping system had performed better than maize-wheat or fallow-wheat. Greater soil OM, mineral N, N uptake, microbial biomass and microbial population was recorded in mungbean-wheat rotation than fallow-wheat under non-irrigated condition, whereas higher wheat straw and grain yield was recorded in mungbean-wheat compared to maize-wheat rotation under irrigated condition. Similarly, incorporation of FYM either 10 tons with 50 % N + 100 % PK (T3) or 20 tons with 25 % N + 100 % PK (T4) had increased soil available water holding capacity, organic matter, mineral N, AB-DTPA extractable P and K, microbial biomass and population but decreased soil bulk density under both conditions. Greater straw N, P and K contents were measured in plots having 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 and 25 % N + 100 % PK + 20 tons FYM ha-1 compared to the plots receiving sole mineral fertilizers, whereas grain N was increased in plots receiving balance inorganic fertilizers under both the conditions. Integrated application of 50 % N + 100 % PK with 10 tons FYM ha-1 had improved straw, grain and total N, P and K uptakes compared to other treatments under each conditions. Fertilization of 50 % N + 100 % PK with 10 tons FYM ha-1 had further improved wheat grain yield with 56 % increase under irrigated condition and 49 % increase over farmer’s practice under non-irrigated condition followed by the plots receiving sole recommended 100 % NPK. The summer crops of maize and mungbean responded significantly to combine application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Addition of 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 had increased maize grain and stover yield compared to the other treatments under irrigated condition. Plots incorporated with 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 or 25 % N + 100 % PK + 20 tons FYM ha-1 produced comparable yield of mungbean, but significantly higher from plots having sole inorganic fertilizers under both the conditions. Integrated use of 50 % N + 100 % PK + 10 tons FYM ha-1 with DT under wheat-mungbean-wheat cropping system had improved crop productivity and soil fertility beside soil health and environmental benefits and thus recommended for irrigated and non-irrigated wheat sowing in agro-climatic condition of Bannu, Pakistan.
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ساتھوں کی انہونی ہو گئی

ساتھوں کی انہونی ہو گئی
سجناں کنڈ وکھاؤنی ہو گئی
اگے تاں سی رج کے سوندے
نیندر ہن پروہنی ہو گئی
عشق نوں نہ سوکھلّا جانو
پنڈ دکھاں دی چائونی ہو گئی
دکھاں باہجوں سکھ نہیں ملدے
شرط ایہو آزمائونی ہو گئی
منگن بھیک حسن دا دن نوں
راتیں دھونی لائونی ہو گئی
ہکے پاسے سیک جگر نوں
روٹی ہُن پرتائونی ہو گئی
پتہ حنیف نوں مل کے لگا
دُکھاں دی ایہہ چھائونی ہو گئی

Analytical Study of Dual Banking and Earlier Efforts Towards Islamization of Bank of Khyber in the Light of Shariah

The proposal of interest-free banking is very old because Islam restricted the interest base transaction at very beginning after the revelation of prohibition of Interest, noble Quran called it as Riba. This prohibition is of sever nature relatively, Allah says; O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers. And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allah and His Messenger. The suggestion for the establishment of such financial institutions that run according to shariah has been put in queue for about centuries. To get rid from the dominancy of conventional banking system, forced the religious scholar to take initiative in this regard and started interest free banking. It was not easy to switch entirely from conventional banking system to Islamic one as for different technical issues, leads the existent banks to start dual banking system. Bank of Khyber is the first Bank of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa operating as dual banking, i.e. Conventional as well as Interest free banking. This study focuses on analysis of dual banking system of bank of KHYBER in order to know the extent of conformity with shariah standards along with highlighting the earlier efforts of it towards Islamization.  

Determining Forage Production Potential of Maize Sown As a Mixture With Different Legumes under Different Nitrogen Applications

Two field experiments to study the agro-quantitative and qualitative response of forage maize sown alone and as a mixture with forage legumes were conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the year 2005 and 2006. The sole crops and blended seed mixtures were sown in 30 cm apart rows with the help of single row hand drill. Experiment-I was replicated three times in randomized complete block design (RCBD), while the experiment-II was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement, measuring a net plot size of 2.4 m x 8 m. First experiment comprised of thirteen treatments i.e. maize alone (100%), 75%maize + 25%cowpea, 50%maize + 50%cowpea, 25%maize + 75%cowpea, cowpea alone (100%), 75%maize + 25%sesbania, 50%maize + 50%sesbania, 25%maize + 75%sesbania, sesbania alone (100%), 75%maize + 25%cluster bean, 50%maize + 50%cluster bean, 25%maize + 75%cluster bean and cluster bean alone (100%). Mixed cropping of maize with different legumes significantly affected the growth, yield and quality of forage. The maize sown in mixture with sesbania at seed ratio of 75%+25% produced significantly higher mixed green and dry matter yield than all other seed ratios of maize in combination with any legume. The yields of all sole legumes (Cowpea, Sesbania and Cluster bean) were significantly lower than sole maize. The lowest green forage yield (16.92 t ha -1 ) and dry matter yield (3.52 t ha -1 ) was recorded when cluster bean was sown as sole crop. All maize + sesbania produced higher CP% and EEF% of mixed forage than mixtures of maize with cowpea and cluster bean at similar seed ratios. Land equivalent ratio was also highest in maize + sesbania mixture at 75:25 seed ratio. In the second experiment response of forage maize sown alone and mixture with different legumes i.e. cowpea, sesbania and cluster bean at seed ratio of 75% + 25%was evaluated at nitrogen levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha -1 . The forage and dry matter yield of sole maize was increased significantly up to 150 kg N ha -1 , while the application of 150 kg N ha -1 to all maize-legume mixtures had a depressing effect on yields. Maize + sesbania mixture fertilized at 100 kg N ha -1 gave the highest mixed forage yield, dry matter yield and economic benefits (Net benefit and BCR).