The study aims to see the perceptions of stakeholders (HODs, teachers & students) about USAID Teacher Education Project on the upgrading of elementary education in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All HODs, teachers and students of twenty RITE and nine Institutes of Teacher Education constituted the population of the study. The sample was selected through stratified random sampling technique. Two questionnaires were developed which were made valid and reliable through proper process. One questionnaire was meant for HODs and teachers and the other questionnaire was intended for students. Both the tools were consisted of two parts, the 1st part included demographic information and the 2nd part research variables. Hypotheses were developed in line with these objectives. The responses were collected, tabulated and analyzed through SPSS, one sample t test; independent sample t test and ANOVA were used as statistical analysis. The three respondents HODs, teachers and students showed significant views about physical facilities, curriculum, teaching methods, assessment techniques, practicum activities and refresher courses. Demographic variable wise, there was no significant difference of opinion i.e. gender, age and professional qualification. There was no significant difference between the views of HODs of both the institute.Teacher of RITE and IER showed no significant difference in their views about all the variables. Students showed difference of opinions regarding physical facilities. Similarly significant difference was found in student‘s views regarding B.Ed (Hons) and ADE curriculum, Method of teaching, assessment and practicum. Qualification wise significant difference was found among the student‘s views regarding physical facilities, B.Ed (Hons) and ADE curriculum, Method of teaching and assessment. The study recommends the newly introduced teacher education programs to be adopted in the TTIs for giving the track to teacher education. These programs need to be included in service structure for recruitment of teachers at elementary level.
آہـ! مولوی محمودالحسن اس مہینہ کے معارف کی طباعت ختم ہو رہی تھی کہ یکا یک خبر ملی کہ مولوی محمود الحسن ناظم انجمن تعلیمات دین، اپنے بچوں، عزیزوں اور قدر دانوں کو چھوڑ کراب وہاں ہیں جہاں نیکوں، پاکبازوں، صفاکشوں کو سرور جاودانی اور حیات ابدی ملتی ہے، ان کی دائمی جدائی پر کچھ آنکھیں نمناک اور اشکبار ہوں گی، لیکن انجمن تعلیمات دین کے کارکنوں اور ہمدردوں کی آنکھوں سے خون کے آنسو، بھی جاری ہوں گے تو اس سے ان کی دائمی رحلت کی غم ناکی اور درد ناکی دور نہ ہو سکے گی، ان کی وفات کچھ ایسا ہی جاں گسل سانحہ ہے۔ وہ انجمن تعلیمات دین کے بانیوں میں سے تھے، ۱۹۴۷ء کے انقلاب کے بعد چند مردان خدا کی بدولت یہ انجمن قائم ہوئی تو زبان حال سے یہ کہہ رہی تھی: یہ دور اپنے ابراہیمؑ کی تلاش میں ہے اس انجمن نے اترپردیش میں جو کام انجام دیے ہیں، وہ مسلمانوں کی ملی تاریخ کا ایک زریں کارنامہ ہے، اس کے ذریعہ سے بے شمار دینی مکاتب قائم ہوئے، جن سے اترپردیش کے مسلمان بچوں کی دینی حمیت اور ایمانی غیرت کے ثبات ویقین کا سامان فراہم ہوا، جناب عدیل عباسی مرحوم نے اس کارواں کے یکہ تاز بن کر جس طرح رجز خوانی کی، اس سے انجمن کا کام بہت آگے بڑھا، ان کے یمین ویسار میں مولوی ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم وکیل اور مولوی محمود الحسن رہے، جس سے اس کے کام کو غیر معمولی فروغ ہوا، مصلحت خداوندی سے جناب عدیل عباسی مرحوم اور جناب ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم، مولوی محمودالحسن کو تنہا چھوڑ گئے، مگر وہ اس کے لیے عمل پیہم اور یقین محکم بلکہ سوزدروں، درد پنہاں اور روح جاں گسل بنے رہے، وہ کسی مجلس میں بیٹھ جاتے تو معلوم ہوتا کہ انجمن تعلیمات...
An elaborate endeavor in studying world religions would glaringly uncover the fact that most of the religions have enacted rules to follow, pertinent to daily livelihood. Such are the set of rules that the followers of the religion must follow. These rules very much include the rules about edibles. The food is something upon which not only human sustenance rests but it also keeps the human soul alive. For the same very reason we find religious and scientific prohibitions on things that are harmful for humans and if consumed evil takes the better of man’s heart, bringing upon him moral redundancy and sinister way of life. Such people are deprived of peace and piety. They ultimately not only suffer unbearable individual loss but also become a burden onto the society, country and nation
Brief background: Image compression has been widely accepted as the solution to the explosion of imaging data since the advent of multiaxial multisequence imaging. However, compromise on diagnostic quality secondary to this modification has been an issue. Many studies have been carried out looking at just noticeable differences but few have been undertaken to look at the difference in ability to detect pathology in original versus cineloop compressed images. This study was done to compare lesion detection ability of cineloop compressed images as compared to original images.
Objectives: A comparative study to evaluate detection of brain lesions in wavelet compressed Audio video Interleave (AVI) cineloop re-formatted MRI images as compared to originally acquired 16 bit digital MRI images.
Methods: This was a prospective comparative study. MRI brain images of consecutive non-selected patients referred for MRI brain examinations were compressed by means of a wavelet algorithm at ratios of 30:1(70%) and then converted into Microsoft AVI cine loop format using Image J freeware( Appendix 3).
All the sequences and all the sections of a particular examination (original and reformatted images) were reviewed on the same high resolution computer monitor by two independent reviewers (Appendix 2).
Analysis: Each of the observers captured their findings in a pre-defined form then comparison of lesion detection was done taking the original images as a gold standard. Sensitivity were calculated for evaluation of number of lesions, location of lesions, signal characteristics and image quality. As compared to the original brain MRI images the sensitivities in the cineloop compressed images for presence of lesions was 100%, Number of lesions present was 100%, location of largest lesion was 97%, T1 signal was 96%, T2 signal was 96%, GRE signal was 95%, FLAIR signal was 93%, Presence of restricted diffusion was 98%, post contrast enhancement was 98%, and edema surrounding lesion was 100%. There was reduction of subjective image quality with 79% of the compressed cineloop images scoring 1 less point than the original images.
Outcomes: This study proves cineloop compressed images at a a ratio of 1:30 do not reduce ability to detect lesions in terms of size, number, locations and signals. Despite reduced quality of images, the diagnosis remains largely unchanged. Hence, image compression can be applied to MRI Brain imaging for interpretation allowing ease of teleradiology, reduced storage costs and increased transmission speeds.