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Implications of Climate Change on Human Health: An Agricultural Perspective

Thesis Info

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Author

Rose, Sobia

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9901/1/Sobia_rose_HSR_Envir%20Resource%20Economics_UAF_10.5.18.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724794815

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Malaria is the second most prevalent disease in Pakistan. Despite many malaria eradication programs the disease burden is increasing. Changing climate affects humans directly and indirectly. In direct case, it causes an increase in malarial morbidity while it affects the physical strength and working efficiency of humans indirectly that ultimately leads to higher expenditures on medication. Farm workers are the community, highly affected through malaria because they are prone to work in environmental conditions which are favorite habitats of mosquito production. Loss of family labor and increased expenditures lead to a loss in revenue earned from agriculture. So, main objectives of the study were to determine the spatio-temporal effects of climate change on morbidity caused by malaria including socio-economic conditions and further to find the impact of health shocks of malaria on farm workers and then how these health shocks lead to decrease in revenue earned from agricultural production. In first part, linkages between climate change, socio economic conditions and malaria were found on monthly basis from the year 2000 to 2013 in 15 districts of Province Punjab. After this, the district more prone to malaria was selected where health shocks due to malaria were calculated for farm workers and further the effect on revenue from crop production due to health shocks was estimated. The stepwise model selection procedure was adopted and Generalized Linear Model with negative binomial family was selected for secondary data analysis. Results of the study show that temperature, rainfall and humidity variables have significant relationship as two months lag to the malaria month of interest and their quadratic terms also showed a significant but negative relationship with the malaria prevalence. Females’ education showed negative and significant relationship while education of males showed negative but insignificant relationship. On the other hand health facility provision per thousand of population was positive and highly significant that was contrary to the expectations and it was found that health facilities with inadequate quality do not contribute positively to minimize the malaria burden. District dummies showed that district Muzaffargarh is the area highly affected due to malaria prevalence. The detailed analysis was carried out by using primary data. Simultaneous equation approach was used to analyze the data. The ill member not only cause a loss in family labor but household also hires labor that automatically increases the cost and further time spent of care giving by an active family member also cause an increase in expenditure that increases total cost on cultivation per acre. The data analysis was carried out in the simultaneous equation framework and in final equation it was found that with one unit increase in the cost of malaria cure per acre revenue decreases by 2530 rupees. The effect of disease is different from one district to other so a targeted health intervention is required to meet the sustainable development goal of malaria eradication. Further, besides other effects of climate change, its effect on human health should be given due consideration.
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51. Adh-Dhariyat/The Scatterers

51. Adh-Dhariyat/The Scatterers

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

51:01
a. And the scatterers, scattering everywhere,

51:02
a. and the bearers with their burden,

51:03
a. and the runners with their gentle ease,

51:04
a. and the distributors by command!

51:05
a. Surely what you are promised is true indeed!

51:06
a. Surely the Time of Final Judgment is sure to come.

51:07
a. And the celestial realm with all its countless tracks!

51:08
a. Surely you are of differing opinions.

51:09
a. Whoever is deluded about it is really deluded.

51:10
a. So doomed be those who just speculate,

51:11
a. those who are oblivious of the realm of the Hereafter.

51:12
a. They mockingly ask:
b. ‘When will be the Time of Final Judgment?’

51:13
a. Tell them:
b. It will definitely come and be ‘The Time when they are going to be tried by the Fire.’

51:14
a. And they will be told:
b. ‘Taste your trial/punishment!
c. This is what you had been seeking to hurry.’

51:15
a. Surely the virtuous will be in the Paradise and flowing springs;

51:16
a. receiving what their Rabb - The Lord will have given them of the reward,
b. for they were definitely seekers of excellence in piety even before the coming of this Time.

51:17
a. For they will sleep only a little of the night...

Financial Deteriorated Indicators in “The Domestic Crusaders” by Wajahat Ali

This research is based on the economic crisis in Wajahat Ali’s “The Domestic Crusaders” suffered by women through a Marxist feminist lens. Marx propounded the theory with his friend Fredrick Angels. Marxist feminism critiques capitalism as a system that exploits labor alienates people, and debases freedom. It emphasizes that women cannot achieve empowerment within capitalism and rejects treating women as separate groups. The focus of this research is to highlight the crisis under the influence of capitalism controlled by men. Wajahat Ali has presented the miserable plight of the Muslim American family under the influence of domestic colonization, acculturation, and supremacy. The results of this research show that the intergenerational gap between these three generations leads them towards crisis, fewer jobs and inflation is the other reason for the crisis. The major practice-restricted policies by homeland security have left no space among the family members with these unbearable crises. As a whole, this play is the depiction of a Muslim American family who has a jumbled experience under the squeeze of not only the economic snatchers but dealt with crisis also.

Secondary School Mathematics Teachers Conceptions Regarding Assessment

Assessment is the process through which teachers collect, synthesize, and interpret information to aid in decision-making about students' learning and their own teaching. Teachers' conceptions regarding assessment are believed to influence their classroom practices. Hence, studying teachers' conceptions of assessment is important in a sense that it provides an indication of how teachers conceive assessment, how different forms of assessment are being used or misused and, most importantly, what could be done to enhance their conceptions of assessment thereby improving their classroom practices. This study aimed to explore the conceptions of mathematics teachers regarding assessment in secondary schools in tehsil Mastuj, district Chitral. The study also aimed at finding out the differences between private and public school mathematics teachers' conceptions. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. Participants of the study were mathematics teachers (N=110) from public and private schools selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire 'Teachers Conceptions of Assessment' (TCoA) that comprised 27 items with six options ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'. The questionnaire was validated through content validity and a pilot study and its reliability was 0.72. The data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Findings of the study revealed that participant teachers showed a high level of agreement with three conceptions of assessment, that is, 'school accountability', 'improvement', and 'student accountability', whereas they showed a comparatively low level of agreement with the conception of 'irrelevance'. Moreover, a comparison of public and private school mathematics teachers showed no significant differences among their conceptions regarding 'school accountability', 'improvement', and 'student accountability'. However, there was a significant difference between the conceptions of the two schooling systems regarding the conception of 'irrelevance' where private school mathematics teachers scored significantly higher than their public school counterparts. Based on the findings, the study provides suggestions to professional development institutions to improve teachers' skills in students' assessment. It also provides suggestions on future research for interested researchers in the same field.