نواب علی یاورجنگ بہادر
گزشتہ ماہ دسمبر میں نواب علی یاورجنگ بہادر گورنر بمبئی کا انتقال ہوگیا۔ ۱۹۴۷ء کے بعد حکومت ہند کی طرف سے ان کو بڑے بڑے عہدے ملتے رہے، وہ امریکہ میں ہندوستان کی طرف سے سفیر بناکر بھیجے گئے، مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ کے وائس چانسلر بنائے گئے، بمبئی کی گورنری کے عہدے پر مامور ہوئے اور اسی ریاست کے گورنر کی حیثیت ہی سے عالم بقا کو سدھارے، اور معلوم نہیں کتنے دوسرے اعزاز ان کو حاصل ہوتے رہے، حکومت ہند کے معتمد ترین حکام میں ان کا شمار ہوتا رہا۔
میں نے ان کو کسی بڑے عہدیدار کی حیثیت سے نہ جانا اور نہ پہچانا، بلکہ ان سے نواب عمادالملک کے نواسے کی حیثیت سے ملتا رہا، نواب عماد الملک دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے پہلے صدر تھے، جن کا احسان دارالمصنفین پر بہت بڑا تھا، ان ہی کی مساعی جمیلہ سے علامہ شبلیؒ کی وفات کے بعد ان کا ماہانہ وظیفہ دارالمصنفین کے نام منتقل ہوا، جس سے اس کی تاسیس میں بڑی مدد ملی، وہ دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدرداں اور سرپرست رہے، جب ان کی وفات ۳؍ جون ۱۹۲۶ء کو ہوئی تو استاذی المحترم مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ نے معارف کے شذرات میں اپنی غیرمعمولی سوگواری کا اظہار کیا، جس میں ان کے اور بہت سے فضائل اور محاسن کے ساتھ مولانا شبلی، دارالمصنفین اور خود ان سے جو تعلقات رہے، اس کا ذکر بہت ہی خوش عقیدگی سے کیا، جس کے کچھ ٹکڑے یہ ہیں:
’’آخر عمر میں مولانا شبلی مرحوم کی تحریک سے انھوں نے قرآن مجید کا انگریزی میں ترجمہ شروع کیا تھا جو سولہ پاروں تک ضعف بصارت و علالت کی وجہ سے رک گیا، اس ترجمہ میں بالکل بائبل کی زبان اختیار کی ہے‘‘۔
’’مولانا شبلی مرحوم سے ان کا تعلق سرسید کے زمانہ...
The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation or application of instructional books Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim the moral formation of students at boarding school Alkhairaat Madinatul Ilmi Dolo. The qualitative method is used as a method of approach in this study by using observation data collection, interviews, and documentation are analyzed by using the method of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The research indicate is result of learning book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim is one book that discusses the presentation on moral learning that must be owned by the students in their studies. Terpokus description on what attitudes must be done by the students in studying good relationship with the teacher (Kiai), with fellow students, as well as how it should be enacting the books (the book) he learned it. In other words, this book is a guideline or code of conduct that students succeed in their studies either in accordance with laid down by Islam. By studying the book Ta'li m al-Muta'allim such, the students should be able to practice and broadcast both inside and outside the boarding school / community. As for the implementation of Learning book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim the moral formation of students at boarding school Alkhairaat Madinatul Ilmi Dolo is providing direct guidance of teaching through the book, namely by providing appropriate role models that are suggested or taught by the book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim. Therefore, application of the Book Ta‘lim al-Muta‘allim between teachers and students in learning is usually not optimal, the influence of the factors of teachers, for example exemplary. So, it should be an important practice, not only wants his students to master learning the book but have a direct practice.
BACKGROUND: Nephrotoxicity is one of the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide which is a cytotoxic alkylating agent that may be nephrotoxic both in humans and animal models by generating reactive oxygen species. Therefore, purpose of this study was to investigate whether antioxidants like zinc and ascorbic acid as well as most prominent traditional-based plant material like Cedrus deodara root oil could decrease the intensity of toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide in albino rats. OBJECTIVES: · To evaluate the histomorphological changes in cyclophosphamide-induced kidney damage in albino rats. · To determine the role of zinc and ascorbic acid in cyclophosphamide-induced renal damage in rat model. · To assess the phytoprotective role of cedrus deodara root oil in cyclophosphamide-induced kidney damage. · To observe the renal function tests in the controls and experimental groups of animals. · To observe the changes in the antioxidative enzymes in the controls and experimental groups of animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted at Isra University, Hyderabad and Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi. The animals used for this study were adult albino rats of (Wistar strain) 200-250 g of either gender and were procured from the animal house of Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi. They were maintained on well balanced laboratory diet. The animals were kept in 12/12 hour light-dark cycle and water was provided freely x throughout the experimental period. The temperature where the animals were placed was maintained between 25 – 30˚C. total sixty (60) albino rats was taken in this experimental study. Animals were divided into six groups and each group comprised of ten (10) rats placed in separate cages. Control group A were given normal saline 1 ml/ day intraperitoneally for 21 days. Experimental group B received single dose of cyclophosphamide 1mg/100g intraperitoneally on first day of study. Experimental group C received 1mg/100g cyclophosphamide and 500 mg/100g ascorbic acid orally daily for 21 days. Experimental group D received cyclophosphamide 1mg/100g single dose on first day along with zinc-sulphate 0.1mg/100g daily for 21 days. Animals of experimental group E received cyclophosphamide 1mg/100g on first day intraperitoneally along with ascorbic acid 25 mg/100g, zinc sulphate 0.05 mg/100g and Cedrus deodara root oil 0.05 mg/100g intraperitoneally for 21 days. At the end of 21 day of treatment protocol, rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation and scarified for biochemical and histopathological examination. Blood sample 5.0 ml was taken through cardiac puncture and transferred into sterilized gel tubes for estimation of biochemical parameters. Kidneys were removed out after laparotomy and preserved at -80˚C for tissue slicing. Thick tissue sections 5μ were prepared by rotary microtome. The tissue sections were mounted on well cleaned and gelatinized slides and were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin according to Bancroft and Stevens method for histopathological findings. The data obtained was then analyzed on SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, corporation, USA) P-value 0.05 was taken as significant. xi RESULTS: The results of present study showed that serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSSH), catalase, Malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, urea, uric acid (UA) and electrolytes like Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++ and Mg++ were found statistically significant among the control and experimental groups of animals. Animals of group B when compared with control group A and other groups showed statistically significant difference of antioxidant enzymes (p<0.0001). experimental group F when treated with (cyclophosphamide, ascorbic acid and zinc sulphate) showed significant increase in antioxidant enzymes as well as significant improvement were seen in urea, creatinine and serum electrolytes (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the Cedrus deodara root oil exerted potent free radical scavenging property and showed potent antioxidant activity. Hence, it may be concluded that the mechanisms of nephroprotection by herbal agent Cedrus deodara root oil in cyclophosphamide treated animals could be due to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.