پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ
انگلستان کے مشہور مستشرق پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ نے ۸۲ برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی، یہ نسلاً یہودی تھے، پھر عیسائی ہوگئے تھے، اس سے ظاہر ہے کہ ان کو اسلام اور پیغمبر اسلام علیہ السلام سے اکہری نہیں بلکہ دوہری عداوت تھی، ان کی عمر بھر کا سرمایہ اسلام پر مہذب غارت گری ہے، اور یہی سبب ہے کہ خود یورپ کے سنجیدہ طبقہ میں بھی وہ احترام کی نظر سے نہیں دیکھے گئے، ان کی سب سے بڑی کتاب آنحضرتﷺ کی سیرت ہے جس کو دیکھ کر مولانا شبلی مرحوم بے چین ہوگئے تھے، اور اپنی سیرت نبویؐ کی اسکیم کی بنیاد ڈالی تھی، جس نے بحمداﷲ کہ ملک میں سیرت پاک کی تالیف و نشرو اشاعت کا ذوق عام کردیا۔
عدو شود سببِ خیر گر خدا خواہد
پروفیسر صاحب جب ۱۹۱۶ء میں ہندوستان آئے تھے تو ان سے لکھنؤ میں ملاقات ہوئی تھی، پھر ۱۹۲۰ء کے سفر لندن میں ان سے ملنے اور خط و کتابت کرنے کا اتفاق ہوا۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۴۰ء)
Cannibalism (Akl-e-Mayyet) refers to the act or practice of humans, eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings i.e. Corpses. It is also termed as anthropophagy. A person who practices cannibalism is known as cannibal. In the recent past it was reported in the public media that two brothers from Bhakkar (Pakistan) were caught red handed practicing cannibalism. In the article under reference efforts have been made to highlight the status of human being from Islamic perspectve with special reference to their nourishment. This paper also emphasizes a critical study of the opinions of the Jurists regarding human cannibalism.
In this study the response of calli lines of Oryza sativa L. cv.Swat-1 adapted to ion specific stress (25mM LiCl) was investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of adaptations at the cellular level and their stability at regenerant stage. The physiological and biochemical parameters revealed that adaptation caused a decrease in proline, Na+, Na+/K+ratio, protein content and regeneration capability, while K+,Ca++and Mg++concentration enhanced. Exposure of cell lines to interactive effect of NaCl and CaCl2 showed that high calcium reduced the Na+ toxic effect on relative growth rates of both the cell lines with a concomitant increase in K+, Ca++ and Mg++ content respectively. While total sugar and proline contents of unadapted line increased and of adapted line decreased. Adaptation caused the appearance of one new protein band of about 67 kDa which remained stable under 200mM NaCl stress. While this band slightly appeared in unadapted line with degradation of other low molecular weight protein e.g. 17, 19 and 20 kDa. High calcium chloride caused upregulation of 67 kDa band with restoration of the damaged proteins except 17 kDa band. Regenerants and plantlets of adapted line showed excessive accumulation of osmolytes (sugar, proline) compared to accumulation in unadapted line. On the other hand the proteins’ banding pattern of regenerants was found to be similar to their respective lines. Interestingly 67 kDa band disappeared from the shoot of regenerated plantlets but was present in roots. No polymorphism was detected when 17 SSR markers related to Saltol region , 6 SSR markers for Na+/K+ ratios and one each for Na+/H+ antiport K+/Na+ symporter activity at plasma membrane was used. Transcriptional and translational inhibitors studies showed that changes due to adaptation were at translational/software level. This study reveals that the adaptation to ionic stress and supplemental CaCl2 under NaCl stress works on a similar principal of cellular homeostasis regain and adaptation at the cellular level is transferable (stable) to complete plant level.