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Home > Indian Militarys Strategic Thinking Since 2001: Implications for the Deterrence Stability of South Asia.

Indian Militarys Strategic Thinking Since 2001: Implications for the Deterrence Stability of South Asia.

Thesis Info

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Author

Masood Ur Rehman, ,

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

International Relations

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12665/1/Masood%20ur%20Rehman_IR_2019_IIU_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724799280

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The Indo-Pak relationship has always been marred by many conflicts and unresolved issues. Both states fought three major wars and a limited skirmish since their independence. The Indian strategic thinking during 1980s focused on deeper thrusts and aimed to cut Pakistan into two. But after the nuclearization of south Asia, India brought shift in their strategic thinking and employed aggressive policies. The study aims to highlight the post 2001 change in the Indian military’s strategic thinking and its likely impact on the deterrence stability of South Asia. The study qualifies in the Descriptive, Exploratory and Predictive data analysis approaches. Both primary and secondary data was used to investigate and elaborate different aspects of the study. The study conducted in-depth interviews of Pakistani, Indian and Western retired military officers, diplomats, academicians with expertise in strategic studies. This thesis is divided in four parts. First part set the theoretical base of the study and focused on the realist school of thought and its relevance with the Indian strategic thinking. Second part of the study discussed the doctrinal shift from Sunderji doctrine to Cold Start Doctrine & proactive military operations after 2004, which forced Pakistan to develop battlefield nuclear weapons in 2011 to balance the conventional asymmetries and deter any shallow maneuvers by the Indian military. After their failure to execute CSD, the Indian military came up with the idea of sub- conventional warfare operations- (surgical strikes) in 2012 which later got an endorsement by the Joint Armed Forces Doctrine of 2017, to take out alleged militant groups and their sanctuaries behind the enemy lines. It appears that the Indian policy makers are convinced that the option of ‘surgical strike’ is acceptable at global level and good for local electorates. All these direct military operations entail dangerous implications for the regional security. Therefore, to avoid risk of escalation in case of any limited conventional war, the Indian military employed ‘the hybrid warfare strategy’ to tackle Pakistan problem. The hybrid warfare entails regular and irregular covert operations in which the Indian military is capitalizing on Pakistan’s socio-economic, ethno-religious and geo-political vulnerabilities. This mode of warfare has been very successful for India because Pakistan have suffered more losses than any direct armed conflict with India. Third, part of the study highlighted the Indian military’s modernization and operationalization aspects. In this part, the study has discussed the Indian military’s acquisition of sophisticated weaponry and how it is going to create conventional asymmetries in South Asia. The second part of this chapter dealt with the operational side, in which the study discussed the Indian military’s several wargames since 2004 in which they practiced and validated their limited war concepts, cut short mobilization time, improved logistics, conducted joint operations for synergy & integration, offensive maneuvers and night vision capabilities in a Network Centric & Electronic Warfare environment. The last part of the dissertation highlighted the implications of the Indian military’s strategic thinking on the deterrence stability of south Asia. This part of the study deliberated in detail on the issues of conventional disparity, possibility of a limited war/surgical strikes & escalation aspects. Moreover, the issue of battlefield nuclear weapons, associated risks of command & control, inadvertent use, accident, lose it or use it dilemma and the possibility of preemptive strike by the Indian military has been covered in detail. The study concludes on these findings that the Indian military’s doctrinal shift and massive military modernization would force Pakistan to improve its own conventional and nuclear capabilities. However, the risk of limited war under the nuclear umbrella cannot be ruled out. Pakistan needs to improve its conventional deterrence to make it costly any misadventure by India. The prospects of direct military confrontation between India and Pakistan would decrease with an effective conventional answer by Pakistan. The study argues that, the hybrid warfare strategy has been more successful as compared to direct military engagement. Therefore, it is expected that this trend would continue unless Pakistan overcomes its political, socio-economic and ethno-religious vulnerabilities. The study determines that India and Pakistan cannot win against each other in any direct or indirect military confrontation, however it is advisable that both states must overcome their differences, resolve outstanding issues through consistent dialogue process in an amicable way for the long term peace and stability of South Asia.
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۳۵۔ وقت گزاری

وقت گزاری

 دن کی روشنی توفقط اک بہانہ ہے

میں تواندھیرے میں بھی مسکراتا ہوں

دن بھر فرقت کے جھولے میں بیٹھے

یادوں کا جھولا جھولتا ہوں

تنہائی کے ساتھ جھومتا ہوں

پھر رات دیر تک

یادوں کو لوری سناتا ہوں

اپنا دل جلا کرمحبت کی بجھتی ہوئی شمع کی لَو کوسہارا دیتا ہوں

امام شعرانیؒ اور شاہ ولی اللہؒ کے فقہی نظریات کا تقابلی مطالعہ

Allah Almighty has created such men in every age for the protection of the religion of Islam whose ijtihād and da'wah deeds have always defeated the false ideologies by proving the legitimacy of Islam on firm grounds. From those blessed ones, Imām Sha'rānī and Shāh Walīullāh are eminent, intellectual, spiritual and rejuvenating personalities of their time. The main purpose of this article is to make a comparative study in the context of the views of each of the above two personalities from different angles regarding the differences in jurisprudence. This paper also aims to highlight the rational and moderate position of these personalities while making their different opinion in comparison to other scholars, so that researchers and scholars of this age may get guidance regarding how to make different opinion. It will help the researchers to take advantage of these blessed attitudes of the ancestors and play an important role in building a peaceful society.

from Negation to Assertion: A Post Feminist Discourse Analysis of Bernard Shaws Selected Plays

This study investigated the role of gender and the game of power structures in Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion and Candida by focusing on the functional use of language, and it is conducted with the viewpoint that Shaw highlighted Postfeminist tendencies through the construction of gender in his plays. The study is revisionist or rereading of Bernard Shaw in the light of Structural Functional model, which is based on the models provided by Sinclair and Coulthard and Carter and Burton. It examined the conversation in which the principal characters were involved by analyzing their acts, moves, exchanges and transactions. The results obtained from the analysis of both plays are highly revealing. In Pygmalion, there is a role reversal and the acts, moves and exchanges which are quite peculiar to Professor Higgins are adopted by Eliza towards the end of the play: throwing the slippers as an act of liberation. The study shows that Eliza’s sex remains the same, but her gender changes towards the end of the play when she decides to marry Freddy. In Candida, the maternal aspect of women is emphasized and recommended which refers to Shaw’s ambivalent attitude towards feminism as he tries to uphold patriarchy. The present study is a contribution to the field of language and gender issues that begins with the frameworks of deficient to dominance and difference. But the study tends to move away from an essentialist framework that regards gender as a fixed entity to a constructionist one that considers gender as a fluid social construct residing in interaction. As a result, the study reinforces Butler’s concept of gender as performative, that is, gender is a process which is neither complete nor consummate. Thus, the study upholds libratory and postfeminist tendencies as it helps to identify unequal gender relationship and sheds light on the maternal role of the female. This research is complementary to other approaches of text and is useful for students and teachers because it provides an objective way to explore and construct a response to a text independently. In other words, it equips us with a tool through which we can verify the subjective interpretation of a text made through thematic studies.