Despite a lot of research work on innovative work behavior, the research is not only inconclusive but still to develop a consensus on a single best antecedent of innovative work behavior. Innovative work behavior remains in the limelight of research due to its direct relationship with organizational innovation. Innovative work behavior is an employee''s behavior that demands to be investigated with em- ployee''s speci c antecedent. Internal marketing is an emerging concept of human resource management that is the only employee''s speci c antecedent to consider the employee as an internal customer and his/her job as a domestic product. Man- agement literature has yet not investigated internal marketing as an antecedent of innovative work behavior. While conducting any research, the target sector for research is of paramount im- portance. Public and private sectors di er in culture, organizational structure and an administrative point of view. The private sector contributes more than the pub- lic sector and speci cally the industrial sector. Industrial sector contributes 25% of the economy and in the industrial sector, engineering sector contributes 13.5% in the GDP. In Pakistan, the focus of the past research has been in the service sector and neglected the manufacturing sector which is a backbone of the country. Similarly, the past studies in the manufacturing sector focused the organizational speci c variables and overlooked internal marketing with innovative work behavior. This study is based on social exchange theory to develop an integrated model of in- novative work behavior which is mandatory for innovation in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. In the model, innovative work behavior is dependent vari- able with independent variable internal marketing and its dimensions like strategic rewards, internal communication, training and development, leadership and em- powerment. In the model, job embeddedness is a mediating variable, social capital and intrinsic motivations are the moderating variables. Data were collected from the sample of the manufacturing sector. There are more than 450 auto parts manufacturingrms in Pakistan located in di erent cities. The data for 1116 valid samples were collected through questionnaire from four cities only. Findings of the results are novel in Pakistani context as well as in the management literature. Internal marketing as a composite variable, internal communication, leadership, and empowerment have a positive impact on innovative work behav- ior. Internal marketing also has a positive impact on job embeddedness and job embeddedness has a positive impact on innovative work behavior. Job embedded- ness partially mediates the relationship between internal marketing and innovative work behavior. Intrinsic motivation positively moderates the relationship between internal marketing and job embeddedness but social capital does not moderate pos- itively between job embeddedness and innovative work behavior. Strategic rewards and training and development have no e ect on innovative work behavior. The relationship of variables in the model was supported theoretically and statistically in this study.
شہید کی جو موت ہے وہ قوم کی حیات ہے زندگی تو گزر جاتی ہے، جو زندہ ہے اُس نے بالآ خرسفرآخرت کرنا ہے، جو سانس لے رہا ہے اُس نے جان، جان آفریں کے سپرد کرنی ہے، کوئی بستر مرگ پر ایڑیاں رگڑ رگڑ کر مر جاتا ہے، کوئی کسی ڈوبنے والے کو سہارا دیتے ہوئے خودلہروں کے سپرد ہو جا تا ہے۔ کوئی مزمّن بیماری کا شکار ہو کر حکیموں اور ڈاکٹروں کے نسخے استعمال کرتے ہوئے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہہ دیتا ہے۔ کوئی راہزن کے ہتھے چڑھ کر اپنے بچوں کو یتیم اور اپنی زوجہ کو بیوہ کر جاتا ہے۔ لیکن قابلِ صد افتخار ہیں وہ لوگ جو ملک و ملت کی خاطر سرحدوں کی حفاظت کرتے ہوئے دشمنوں کی توپوں کا نشانہ بنتے ہیں اور جامِ شہادت نوش کر لیتے ہیں۔شہید کوقرآنِ پاک میں بھی زندہ فرمایا گیا ہے بلکہ یہاں تک فرمانِ باری تعالیٰ ہے کہ انہیں مردہ گمان بھی نہ کرو، خودتو زندہ ہیں ہی لیکن موت کا ظاہری لبادہ اوڑھ کر اور نظروں سے دائمی اوجھل ہو کر قوم و ملت کو حیات ِنو کی نوید سنا جاتے ہیں ، شہید کی زندگی قوم کی حیات ہے۔ شہید بحثیت مجاہد سرحدوں کی حفاظت کرتا ہے، سرحدوں پر پہرہ دیتاہے، اقوام خوابِ خرگوش کے مزے لے رہی ہوتی ہے اور شہید توپوں کی گھن گرج میں رات کی ساعتیں گزار رہا ہوتا ہے۔ شہادت ایک زیور ہے، جس کے زیب تن کرنے سے جسمانی خدوخال کے علاوہ روحانی نکھار بھی آجاتا ہے۔ شہید اپنی قوم کے عروج میں کلیدی کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔ قوم اس وقت اپنے مستقبل کی درخشندگی کے لیے مستعد ہوتی ہے جب وہ ذہنی طور پر آسودہ ہو، فکری اعتبار سے توانا ہو اور اس قسم کے ماحول کی تشکیل کے لیے شہید کا وجود...
After Second World War, when the distances between the East and the West began to reduce and the west paid attention to the eastern knowledge seriously. Especially European countries took interests in Islamic subjects and a new trend was generated which is known as Orientalism and the people who acquire the subjective knowledge are being called orientalists. In this connection the orientalists started shown keen interest in learning Islamic subjects and with that interest their object was not to spread the religion Islam but to negate and cancel the true picture of true religion Islam, fear of dominancy of Islam, spread of Christianity and multiple political nations. That is why the first thing they have targeted was the Holy Quran. While X-Prime minister William Evart Gladstone quoted 1882 ''Till the Quran exists, it is impossible for Europe to down the East''. Since then the new era of publication and translations of Quran took place, in which era the treatise and conversion made in various languages differently in different countries which will be discussed in this research article along with the discussion of orientalists who took part in the compositionor translation.
This study was undertaken to develop the novel radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis, sentinel lymph node detection (SLND), and brain imaging. Biomolecules have great importance in living systems. Significantly, developed pathway is available for transport and utilization of biomolecules and by taking the advantages of these naturally developed pathways. In this study, the biomolecules like triglycine, 1-azido-1-deoxy-β-D glucopyranoside and folate azide were utilized for various medicinal applications. Biomolecule conjugates were developed by using click chemistryand cyclopentadienyl chemistry (Cp) approach. The spectrophotometric biomolecule complexes techniques. conjugates were were By characterized using radiolabeled the and by using various [ 99m Tc(H 2 O) 3 (CO) 3 ] + evaluated as core, potential radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic study. The biodistribution of [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 - click-1-azido-1-deoxy-β-D glucopyranoside] and [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 -folate azide] complexes present them as potential tumor scintigraphic agents. Second approach for cancer diagnosis was to radiolabel the anticancer drugs, e.g., 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) and evaluate them as potential tumor diagnostic agents. Normal biodistribution and tumoral uptake was studied in Swiss webster mice. The results suggest that they might be sucessful tumor diagnostic agents for future use. 99m Tc-5-flurouracil was also applied to the breast cancer patients after getting approval from local ethical committee of INMOL. The sucessful uptake of the drug in tumor tissues with low background ratio presents this drug as a sucessful cancer diagnostic agent. Sentinel Lymph Node Detection (SLND) is of great importance for early stage diagnosis of cancer. All sentinel lymph node imaging agents were studied for their uptake in various body organs, popliteal node, iliac node and popliteal extraction.In this study, we developed rhenium sulfide collidal nanoparticles and xviiiAbstract radiolabeled them with 99m Tc. The sucessful uptake of the drug in sentinel node within 15 min of post injection, presents it as a sucessful candidate for sentinel lymp node detection. Various dextran derivatives were radiolabeled with 99m Tc(CO) 3 and studied for sentinel lymph node detection. The drugs reached the first node within 10 min of post injection. DPZM-8 was the most successful candidate for sentinel lymph node detection among all dextran derivatives studied, so far. 99m Tc-labeled amine thiophene and 99m Tc(CO) 3 -Cp-triglyicne were evaluated as potential brain imaging agents. Amine thiophene is a schiff base which was directly labeled with 99m was radiolabeled with Tc while Cp-triglycine is a biomolecule conjugate which 99m Tc via isolink kit. Normal distribution study in rabbits suggests them as successful candidates for brain scintigraphy.