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Islamic Studies for Engineering Program: A Topical Framework

Thesis Info

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Author

Bhatti, Rahat

Program

PhD

Institute

Iqra University

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12013/1/Dissertation_Rahat%20Bhatti_11593.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724822850

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Islamic Studies is taught at undergraduate level as compulsory core subject in engineering programs following the recommendations of national educational policies of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan, but the contents of the course are only the repetition of what student had studied earlier in their course of studies from beginning, also the topics selection do not match with the cognitive maturity of learners neither their professional needs. This exploratory study was to find the need for revision in the content of Islamic Studies course at undergraduate level in engineering discipline. A cross- sectional exploratory survey was conducted to discover the needs for the topics of interest for the subject of Islamic Studies at undergraduate engineering program. Needs in the current study are considered as gaps between the existing course contents and preferred contents or topics by the respondents. The data was collected through purposive sampling from 808 research respondents of engineering (from both Public and Private Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized, and Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) institutions of Karachi as well as general universities, total 12 universities). The sample comprised of five categories: students of engineering discipline (541), teachers of engineering discipline (170), Teachers of Islamic studies (experts) teaching in Engineering discipline,Teachers (experts) of Islamic Studies that are teaching to wide range of academic disciplines (32), and engineers who are working as professionals (65). The gender representation in the sample remained 66% (male), and 34% female respondents. A questionnaire using extent data analysis technique for structure and content was developed to collect data. Face and content validity of the tool were determined firstly through self-validation, secondly it was determined through expert validation; the questionnaire was presented to three experts of Islamic studies. Against 92 items 78 items received positive agreement. Two items showed negative agreement, and fourteen items showed no agreement. Percentage of overall agreement was 0.898549_ Kappa, suggestions of one of the three experts were incorporated. Thirdly a small scale pre-test was conducted to further ensure the validity of the tool. Informal pre-test was applied on a small, non-probability sample of45 Electrical Engineering undergraduate students of 7th semester, 09 Polymer & Petrochemical Engineeringundergraduate students’ of 7th semesters and 02 graduates of Mechanical Engineering of public sector University of Engineering and Technology. Responses of 12 teachers from Electrical and Polymer & Petrochemical departments (6 from each) were also recorded. Findings of pre-test related to structure, layout and vocabulary were used to make necessary changes before the pilot study. Questionnaire was also translated into national language Urdu.It went through Expert Validation with three Language Experts. Against 85 items the percentage of overall agreement remained Kappa Po: 0.882351. All suggestions were incorporated accordingly. The questionnaire was a blend of quantitative (closed questions with a prescribed range of answers), and qualitative (two open ended) questions. In piloting phase, data was collected from 65 (47 male (72%) and 18 females (28%) respondents of public sector university of Engineering and Technology and private sectorUniversity of Engineering and Technology, the two Major public and private sector Engineering Universities. Frequency of responses showed the content validity. Data for the main study was collected in two phases: at first stage the data was collected from 808 respondents during March 2013 to July 2013. Cumulative results of hypotheses testing disclosed that nine themes out of thirteen themes received unanimous agreement from all four groups of respondents. However, four themes i.e. theme three four, nine and twelve did not receive unanimous agreement of respondents although the percentages of agreement remains higher. In response of the qualitative query regarding “suggested topics if any other than surveyed items” various topics received from respondents which were divided and merged by the researcher in the 32 appropriate themes. From the categories; 93 out of 541 (17.19%) students,24 out of 170 (13.95%) teachers of engineering discipline,19 out of 32 (59.37%) teachers of Islamic Studies discipline, and 15 out of 65 (23.07%) engineering professionals proposed topics of repetitive nature. Either these were already in the survey form or proposed by respondents uniformly. Subjective analysis revealed that interest of society is influenced by the socio-political aspects of the country.124 out of 541 students, 62 out of 170 teachers of engineering discipline, and 15 out of 65 professionals commented positively in response to last opinionated question. After analyzing the data, it was presented to three subject experts for endorsement at second stage. Experts endorsed the final list of topics presented to them for comments. Each of them positively commented towards the research outcomes. Thirdly, data was also collected from 90 participants (professional Engineers) working in core fields outside Karachi. At the time of data collection (July, 2013), these Professionals were working with private sector Limited Company. This further validated the results. The finding of the study proves the notion of needs as gaps. Cumulative results indicates thatnine themes out of thirteen themes are taken as ‘needs of the research participants’ across categories while significant variation in agreement observed for the remaining four themes with above 75% agreement . Moreover, comments received from participants proved their interest towards subject of Islamic Studies as academic discipline.
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اداریہ

سیالکوٹ کی تہذیب قدامت کے لحاظ سے پانچ ہزار سال سے بھی پہلے کے آثار ظاہر کرتی ہے۔راجہ شل نے اس تہذیب کو پروان چڑھانے میں اہم کردار ادا کیا۔اس شہر کی تہذیبی روایات اور علمی آثار " مہابھارت" میں بدرجہ اُتم موجود ہیں۔سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے۔سرزمین سیالکوٹ نے علم وادب وفنون لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں۔سیالکوٹ کی علمی وادبی  اہمیت مسلمہ ہے۔ہر دور میں خواہ وہ ہندو راج ہو ، مغلیہ راج ہویا انگریز راج سیالکوٹ نے ہردور میں علمی وادبی مرکز کے حوالے سے اپنی شناخت قائم رکھی ہے۔یہاں سے بہت سی نامور روحانی اور علمی وادبی شخصیات نے جنم لیا ہےاور بعض نے یہاں کی روحانی اور علمی وادبی شخصیات سے فیض حاصل کیا ہے۔٧٠٠ قبل مسیح سے٦٠٠ قبل مسیح تک یہ اتنا عظیم تعلیمی مرکز تھا۔کہ بنارس کے شہزادے حصول علم کے لیے یہاں آتے تھے۔

اکیسویں صدی عیسویں میں بھی شہرِ اقبال اپنی تہذیبی و ادبی  روایات کی بازیافت کے لیے خاصا سرگرم عمل ہے۔ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی ،مولانا فیروزالدین،اقبال ،فیض ،مولانا ظفر علی خاں،  ہاشم شاہ،حضرت رائج سیالکوٹی، دلشاد ،منشی میراں بخش جلوہ،محمد الدین فوق ،اثر صہبائی ،سلیم واحد سلیم ،بدری ناتھ سدرشن،جوگندر پال ،غلام الثقلین نقوی ،رجندر سنگھ بیدی،عبدالحمید عرفانی،سرمد صہبائی،خالد نظیر صوفی، ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال،ساغر جعفری،مولوی ابراہیم میر،آسی ضیائی رامپوری،طفیل ہوشیارپوری،اے ڈی اظہر،حفیظ صدیقی،صابر ظفر،اصغر سودائی اور جابر علی سید دنیائے شعروادب کے اہم ستارے ہیں۔جن کا تعلق سیالکوٹ کی دھرتی کے ساتھ تادمِ حیات رہا ۔موجودہ دور میں بھی خطہ سیالکوٹ علمی وادبی میدان میں مضافاتی دائرے سے نکل کر قومی وبین الاقوامی ادبی دھارےمیں شامل ہونے کے لیے پرتول رہا ہے۔پنجاب لٹریری فورم سیالکوٹ اسی سلسلے میں اہم کردار ادا کررہا ہے۔اس ادبی تحریک کا ثمر اس خطے کی ادبی سرگرمیوں کی نشاة ثانیہ کی...

كفايات قيادة التغيير اللازمة لمٌديري مدارس محافظة شمال الشرقية بسلطنة عُمان في ضوء النموذج السلوفيني (Slovenian Model)

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على كفايات قيادة التغيير اللازمة لمٌديري مدارس محافظة شمال الشرقية بسلطنة عُمان في ضوء النموذج السلوفيني (Slovenian Model)، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، كما استخدمت الاستبانة في جمع البيانات والمعلومات وتم تطبيقها على عينة مكونة من (72) مُديراً ومُديرة. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن كفايات قيادة التغيير اللازمة لمٌديري مدارس محافظة شمال الشرقية بسلطنة عُمان في ضوء النموذج السلوفيني (Slovenian Model) جاءت بدرجة عالية بصورة إجمالية، كما جاءت أيضاً بدرجة عالية في جميع المجالات وهي:: الكفايات الإدراكية، والكفايات الوظيفية، والكفايات الشخصية والاجتماعية . كما كشفت النتائج عن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة عند مستوى (α ≤ 0.05) تُعزى إلى متغير سنوات الخبرة، ولكن وجدت هذه الفروق في متغير الجنس ولصالح الإناث، والمؤهل العلمي ولصالح حملة البكالوريوس.

Synthesis and Characterization of Biopolymer/Ha Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

The idea of starting this research project was to elucidate the development procedure of a novel biocompatible nano composite that is directly linked to the properties of natural bone in terms of its composition, morphology, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. These nanocomposites are composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and whitlockite (WH) nanoparticles embedded in polymeric matrix and hydrogels.The fabrication procedures used are of common use including pre-treatment of nanoparticles and embedding into biopolymers such as Cyclic olefenic copolymer and CollagenPEGDMA hybrid matrix where effect of different loading ratios of HA nanoparticles and WH nanoparticles was investigated.Nano powders of HA were chemically synthesized under various processing conditions using surfactants with different charges and chain lengths such as CTAB (cationic) and SDS (anionic) surfactants were used in the synthesis procedures for regulating the nucleation and growth of the hydroxyapatite phase. The synthesis methods, mainly based on aqueous systems were used which are simple and can offer accurate control on the nano powders of various size and morphologies. The effect of different weight ratios ofHA nanoparticles and WH was evaluated after successful fabrication of nanocomposites by dispersing these nanoparticles in polymeric matrices. TOPAS/HA, TOPAS/WH and Collagen-PEGDMA/HA nanocomposites were successfully prepared and further characterized. Solution casting procedure was used to construct these nano composites. Effect of various weight ratios was investigated on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the nano composites. These nano composites were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Compression testing, Biocompatibility testing including cell culture of bone/cartilage cell lines, antibacterial test, biodegradability, and swelling characteristics. The morphology of nanocomposites has been investigated using Scanning electron microscopy and Atomic force microscopy. Compression testingwas performed on all type of nanocomposites to evaluate and optimize the mechanical strength. Cell culture wasperformedto evaluate thebiocompatibility ofthese nanocomposites onbone cell lines in case of TOPAS/HA and TOPAS/WH while cartilage cell lines were used in the case of COl-PGD/HA nanocomposites. Swelling and degradation characteristics were also evaluated. It was revealed from this study thet the compressive strengths of nano compositescan be enhancedwith the addition of nanoparticlesand optimized to make values comparable with the compressive strength of natural bone and cartilage tissues. In case of TOPAS/HA the increased values are185 % from 0.26 to 0.74 MPa at the concentration of 10 wt%.Whearas in case of PGD-16/HA, up to 10 wt%, strength is enhanced ~ 90 % from 9 to 17.3 kPa.In case of TOPAS/WH increase of 0.2MPa to 1.7MPa in strength at lower concentration of WH upto 10wt%has been experimented. The biocompatibility data of cell viability on the whole, is above 90% in all nanocomposites and the values are even higher than95%.In TOPAS/HA (10 wt%) exhibits the highest trend for cell viability of 99.9 ± , while in case of PGD-16/HA (10 wt%) the cell viability of hybrid composites is 100 % as comparedto the TCP control group while the cell viability values are around 95-100% in case of TOPAS/WH (10wt%). These results make these nanocomposites suitable for biomedical applications.