Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Management of Pollution in River Ravi

Management of Pollution in River Ravi

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Lubna Amer

Program

PhD

Institute

National College of Business Administration and Economics

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1860

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724849409

Similar


The Ravi is the smallest of the five main eastern tributaries of river Indus. It enters Pakistan near Jassar and joins Chenab River after flowing a distance of about 640 km and ultimately the river Indus. Pollution in the river Ravi is the highest compared to all the rivers in Pakistan due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. All the sewage of Lahore is being drained into the river Ravi by six pump stations located along the Bund road. Industrial wastewater is also being disposed untreated in the river Ravi through various Nullahs and Drains effecting aquatic life and human health. Mostly wastewater contains pollutants which may deteriorate the quality of receiving water bodies and harm associated aquatic life. The present study monitored the pollution status in river Ravi and its management. Seven sampling stations were selected, three along the river Ravi i.e., Ravi Syphon, Balloki Headworks and Ravi bridge. Four the effluent discharging tributaries i.e., Deg Nullah, Hudiara Drain, Barianwala Drain and Chicho-ki-Malian Drain. Samples from the sampling stations were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics during the whole year from September 2006 to August 2007. To evaluate pollution status, the parameters determined were Temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD and E-coli, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn were also determined. Based on laboratory results and field observation it has been concluded that river Ravi is highly polluted and at most of the places it is almost completely devoid of any kind of aquatic life. From these conclusions in present study various management strategies are suggested keeping in view the present aspects and availabilities, installation of treatment plant at various places for treating sewage water are suggested. Moreover for the treatment of industrial wastewater treatment plant is compulsory for every industry to minimize and control pollution in river Ravi.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

مولانا محمد تقی امینی

مولانا محمد تقی امینی
’’آفتاب جوغروب ہوگیا‘‘
تیرہ وتار تھی پہلے ہی یہاں شام حیات
;دامن چرخ سے ایک اورستارہ ٹوٹا
Eکوئی بتلاؤ میری قوم کے معصوموں کو
9کون برباد ہواکس کاسہارا ٹوٹا
Jیہی کوئی دن کے ساڑھے بارہ بجے ہوں گے جب ہمارے ایک دوست نے اطلاع دی کہ مولانا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کاانتقال ہوگیا۔یہ خبر سنتے ہی اولاً توسکتہ کی سی کیفیت ہوگئی۔ کانوں کو جیسے یقین نہ آیا ہو۔ابھی تقریباً ایک گھنٹہ قبل انہوں نے مجھے یاد فرمایا تھا۔ میں حاضر ہواتو دیکھا کہ دھوپ سینک رہے ہیں۔ اورخاصے روبہ صحت معلوم ہورہے ہیں لیکن اب اچانک یہ خبر؟کیاواقعی مولٰینا کا انتقال ہوگیاہے۔کیاسچ مچ مولانا ہم سے جدا ہوگئے ہیں؟ کیایہ سچ ہے کہ مولٰینا نے رخت سفر باندھ لیا ہے اور کوچ کرگئے؟ کیاامت کایہ درشاہوار بے نور ہوگیا؟ کیایہ عظیم المرتبت شخصیت ہمیں داغ مفارقت دے گئی ؟ کیااُمّت کی تقدیر کے آسمان سے ایک اورستارہ شہاب ثاقب ہوگیا؟ ___ہم جلدی سے مولٰینا کے گھر کی طرف لپکے مگردروازے ہی پر جیسے کسی نے قدم پکڑ لیے ہوں۔نالہ وشیون کی آوازیں ایسا ثبوت تھیں کہ ہمیں اس خبر پریقین کرنے کے کے سوا کوئی چارہ نہیں تھا ۔ ؂
چل بسا داغؔ آہ میت اسکی زیب دوش ہے
آخری شاعر جہان آباد کا خاموش ہے
پروفیسر سابق ڈین فکلٹی آف تھیالوجی مولٰینا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کے اُٹھ جانے سے ایک پوری انجمن خالی ہوگئی ہے،وہ ایک شخصیت نہیں بلکہ ایک کارواں تھے۔ وہ ایک آدمی نہیں بلکہ ایک انجمن تھے۔ایک بزم اورایک محفل تھے۔اگران کوآج کے دور میں علماء کاسرخیل کارواں کہاجائے، میں سمجھتاہوں کہ بے جا نہ ہوگا۔ ان کی ذات اپنے آپ میں ایک ادارہ تھی۔وہ علم وحکمت کاچلتا پھرتا خزانہ تھے۔ اُن کے دم سے علی گڑھ میں علم دین کی قندیل روشن تھی،جب کبھی کوئی دینی، فقہی...

حدیث افتراق اور اتحاد امت عصر حاضر كے تناظر ميں تجزياتى مطالعہ

Was divided into 72 firaq and my Ummat will be divided into 73 firaq. According the Muslim scholars, this figure contains interpretation and must be understood in broad based concepts of other ’Aḥādīth, teachings of Quran and objectives of Sharīʻah. For better understanding of underlying theme, the author has divided the article into four steps. First step dealt with the meanings of firaq and Ummah. In Second step, chain and text of ’Aḥādīth has been described. In Third step, opinion of scholars, Mujtahids have been quoted and in the end recommendations and suggestions are given.

Analysis of the Relationships Among Strategic Quality Orientation, Innovation Capabilities and Business Outcomes of Mobile Network Operators in Pakistan

This research study explores the relationships among Strategic Quality Orientation (Soft and Hard Quality Management Practices), Innovation Capabilities (Exploitative and Explorative Innovation) and Business Outcomes (Innovation Success and Sustainable Business Growth) of Mobile Network Operators in Pakistan. The telecommunication industry of Pakistan is facing increasing challenges in maintaining quality of services, meeting the diversified customer needs, being innovative and ensuring sustainability in business growth. It has been observed that the operators providing telecommunication services in Pakistan do not follow a steady trend in terms of their growth and sustainability. This can be realized by having a firm commitment on maintaining quality and addressing customer needs by improving existing business practices and adopting emerging technologies. Using the dynamic capability theory, the study suggests that Quality Management and Innovation can be integrated together to ensure Sustainable Business Growth in a step-wise joint improvement framework. Relationships among the variables are modeled in a sequence from Strategic Quality Orientation to Innovation Capabilities and then to Sustainable Business Growth. The study analyzes how Strategic Quality Orientation practices can foster Innovation Capabilities, and what is the mediating role of Hard Quality Management practices in it. It examines how the Innovation Capabilities and their outcomes can ensure sustainable growth of MNOs, and how the direct success of Innovation Capabilities mediates this process. The moderating effects of intensity of market competition and regulatory conditions on the framework have also been examined under the contingency theory perspective. In order to determine and establish these relationships a conceptual framework was formulated, and a vii questionnaire survey was conducted on the target population to empirically examine the framework. Results were obtained on the basis of 485 samples collected through a survey. The proposed framework was tested for three types of model fit (Direct Co-variation, Indirect Mediation and Moderation fit) through Structural Equation Modeling – SEM technique, which suggested good model fitness. The results show that Soft Quality Management practices positively influence Hard Quality Management practices and they both have a positive impact on Innovation Capabilities, while Hard Quality Management mediates this relationship. Innovation Capabilities have a positive impact on Innovation Success. However, only Explorative Innovation has a significant positive impact on Sustainable Business Growth, while, Innovation Success mediates this relationship. The proposed moderating relationships were also found significant. Building on the perspective of dynamic capabilities which suggests that quality and innovation does not necessarily compete for rare resources and hence can exist together, the research study contributes in the field of quality and innovation management by conceptually and empirically establishing a joint framework of these approaches to achieve sustainable growth, with strategic quality orientation as the foundation for innovation. Through conceptual and empirical analysis the study suggests that both quality and innovation are important improvement approaches and setting a conducive quality driven culture, systems and processes with strong performance objectives and continual improvement initiatives enable innovation capabilities of exploitation and exploration. Since quality management practices supplements innovation capabilities, which in turn leads to sustainable growth, the two approaches can be integrated together and coexist in a cumulative improvement framework.