یہ کتاب 1904ء میں شائع ہوئی۔ معاشیات کے حوالہ سے مختلف موضوعات کے تحت تفصیلی گفتگو اس تصنیف کی زینت ہے۔ بعض امور پر اقبال کی نظر حیرت انگیز اشارہ کرتی ہے۔ اور قاری کو مجبور کرتی ہے کہ گہرائی سے ان موضوعات پر توجہ دی جائے۔ یہ مباحث 26 سالہ نوجوان کے ذہن کی عکاسی کرتے تھے جو آگے چل کر حکیم الامت ، شاعر مشرق اور ترجمان حقیقت کہلایا۔ یہ کتاب بھی خود چھپوائی ۔ دیباچہ میں موجود درد بھرے چند جملے پروفیسر عبد الحق نے درج کیے ہیں ۔ لکھتے ہیں :
” کیا ممکن نہیں ہر فرد مفلسی کے دکھ سے آزاد ہو، کیا ایسا نہیں ہو سکتا ہے کہ گلی
کوچوں میں چپکے چپکے کراہنے والوں کی دل خراش صدائیں ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش
ہو جائیں ۔ اور ایک درد مند دل کو ہلا دینے والے افلاس کا درد ناک نظارہ ہمیشہ
کے لیے صفحہ عالم سے حرف غلط کی طرح مٹ جائے“ (9)
افلاس کے خلاف اقبال کی آواز "علم الاقتصاد" میں بھی سنائی دیتی تھی اور زندگی کے آخری ایام میں بھی یہ آواز سنائی دیتی تھی۔ محمد علی جناح کے نام 1937ء کے ایک خط میں لکھتے ہیں:
”لہذا سوال پیدا ہوتا ہے کہ مسلمانوں کے افلاس کا علاج کیا ہے“ (10)
اس کتاب میں اقبال نے مولانا شبلی نعمانی سے کتاب کے بعض حصوں میں زبان کے متعلق موثر اصلاح لی۔ اقبال نے ڈاکٹر آرنلڈ اور علامہ شبلی نعمانی دونوں کا اس تصنیف میں شکر یہ بھی ادا کیا ہے۔
This pandemic has affected family life around the world. As a result of lockdown individuals are already experiencing significant revenue and job losses. The ability to ‘Work from Home’ (WFH) can help damp down the impact of the situation, undoubtedly. Overall, the effects of WFH arrangements rely a lot on the job status of parents and presence of dependents (children & elderly), and this current situation is likely to intensify these differences. It does not necessarily mean, however, that the effect of the crisis should inevitably be gender neutral. Working women have been particularly affected. It seems to be very fascinating to work from home, while sitting on a comfortable couch, casually dressed, even sometimes in sleep suits, without stepping out in scorching heat and wasting time in traveling, but this may not be a preferred situation for everybody, especially women. The most significant impact on working women during the crisis will be trying to balance household demands, childcare needs and work demands. The group most likely to be hardest hit then would be lower income families with young children, and single mothers in particular. Generally women are in charge of planning, organizing and recalling of everything that needs to be remembered. The mental stress and load that comes with such work has risen exponentially in present circumstances. Even though many countries are relied on lockdown to control widespread of COVID-19 pandemic, the mental problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal thoughts and other psychological trauma are most common in case of normal individual and extensive in case of people who are psychologically ill. Females are more prone to psychological distress. The main concern is to manage and provide opportunities for regulation of stress caused due to anxiety and lack of peer contact. Another main threat is an increased risk of parents to develop mental illness, women may also suffer from domestic violence and consequently it results child maltreatment. The current scenario may be particularly challenging especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, also if someone has prior trauma experiences, undiagnosed mental health problems, background of migration and low socioeconomic status.
Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression in patients with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi.
Design: Cross-sectional Survey
Background: Depression is a recognized common co-morbidity of epilepsy that often goes untreated and has great impact on quality of life of patients and management of patients with epilepsy.
Patients and Setting: Patients with epilepsy on follow up at the Aga Khan University Hospital were evaluated for presence and factors associated with depression.
Methodology: The study recruited eligible patients with epilepsy who were on follow up in the neurology clinic. Beck Depression Inventory was administered to evaluate for presence of depression. Patients identified as having co-morbid depression were evaluated for associated factors.
Results: Three hundred and twenty seven patients were evaluated for presence of depression in this study. The prevalence of depression based on the Beck Depression Inventory was 16.5 %, (95 % CI 12.7-21.0) representing a total of 54 patients diagnosed to have depression among the 327 patients with epilepsy. Twenty five patients (7.6%)[95% CI 5-11.1] as a subset of the total study population, had mild depression, 18 (5.5% [95% CI 3.3-8.6]) patients had moderate depression and 11 (3.4%[95% CI 1.7-5.9]) patients had severe depression.
There was weak association between mild depression and polytherapy (use of two or more antiepileptic drugs), with OR 2.3, 95%CI 0.9-5.8 however, none between polytherapy and moderate or severe depression. No statistically significant association was found between depression and duration of epilepsy or number of seizures per month over last three months.
Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that the prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi was 16.5 %( 95% CI 12.7-21.0) and polytherapy was weakly associated with mild depression.