1۔ قدرتی وسائل و ذرائع اللہ تعالیٰ کی عطا کردہ وہ نعمتیں ہیں جن سے نسل ِانسانیآسائش و سہولت حاصل کرتی ہے۔ زمین، دھاتوں و غیر دھاتوں کے خزانے، سمندر، دریا، وسیع و عریض فضائیں، آبی وسائل، معدنیات، نباتات، حیوانات، وادیاں اور بلند و بالا پہاڑ وغیرہ قدرتی وسائل کی اہم مثالیں ہیں۔
2۔ انسان کی ضروریات و حاجات کے پیش نظر دنیا کی سارے قدرتی وسائل و ذرائع کو اس کے زیر تسلط کر دیا گیا ہے۔ ان قدرتی اشیا میں جاندار بھی ہیں اور بے جان بھی۔ ایک جرثومہ سے لے کر سورج جیسے فلکی اجسام سبھی قدرتی اشیا انسان کی خدمت کے لیے تخلیق کیے گئے ہیں۔
3۔ زمین پر قابل تجدید ذرائع نسبتاً زیادہ مقدار میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔ قا بل تجدید توانائی کا حصول ناقابل تجدید ذرائع کی نسبت زیادہ مستحکم، دیر پا، سستا اور ماحول دوست ہوتا ہے۔ ہائیڈرو پاور، ونڈ پاور، ٹائڈل پاور، سولر پاور قابل تجدید توانائی کی عام مثالیں ہیں۔ ترقی یافتہ ممالک اپنی ٹیکنالوجی قابل تجدید توانائی پر منتقل کر رہے ہیں تاکہ ماحولیاتی آلودگی سے بچا جاسکے۔
4۔ انسان زمین پر اللہ تعالیٰ کا خلیفہ ہےلہٰذا زمین اور اس پر پائے جانے والے مختلف قدرتی وسائل کے تحفظ کی ذمہ داری بھی انسان پر عائد ہوتی ہے۔ 1947ء میں پاکستان کے گرین بیلٹ کا رقبہ 30 فیصد لگ بھگ تھا جو سکڑ تے ہوئے 5 فیصد تک محدود ہوچکا ہے۔
5۔ 1951ءمیں پاکستان میں ہر فرد کو 5300 کیوبک میٹر پانی میسر تھا، جو اس وقت 1000کیوبک میٹر فی کس تک محدود ہو چکا ہے۔ ایک اندازے کے مطابق2025ء تک پاکستان شدید آبی بحران کا شکار ہوسکتا ہے۔ اس لئے پانی کی ایک ایک بوندکا تحفظ کرنا ہر فرد...
In the present age, a great conflict has become the source of clash between Islām and the rest of the world, especially, the western world. The world of Islām is accused of having and breeding the fanatical elements, who help promote terrorism in the world. The Western world and the media leave no opportunity to malign the name of the most peaceful religion of the world. This article illumines that Islām is a peace loving religion and does not approve terrorism. Those elements, involved in disrupting peace are not the true representative of Islām. They make a very minor portion of the Islamic world. The majority of Muslims are peace loving people and they need to be given a due coverage by the media. This research article is an attempt to present a very soft, peaceful and noble image of Islām before the world, especially, the western world. The two main sources of Islām: al-Qur’ān and the sayings of the Prophet of Islām, the prophet Muḥammadﷺ, have been quoted extensively, to prove that the religion and the meanings of the world, ‘Islām’, all reflect peace, fraternity, friendship and altruism. The Western scholars have also been quoted appropriately to support the said premise.
Nonlinear coupled boundary value problems (BVPs) have very important and interesting aspects in the kingdom of Nonlinear Analysis due to not only the theoretical aspects but also the applications which they have in almost everyeld of science. Problems with coupled boundary conditions (BCs) appear while studying mathematical biology, Sturm-Liouville problems, reaction di usion phenomena, chemical systems, and Lotka-Volterra models. This thesis has two parts. In therst part, the existence results are established for therst{order and the second{order nonlinear coupled BVPs subject to nonlinear coupled BCs. Also in the same part, the existence results are established for the second{order nonlinear coupled BVPs when the nonlinear functions have dependence on therst-order derivative. Multiple approaches are available in the literature to investigate the existence of solutions of nonlinear BVPs, but lower and upper solutions (LUSs) approach is one of the strongest. In this approach the original problem is modi ed logically to a new problem, known as the modi ed problem, then the theory of di erential inequalities with the combination of well-known existence results are applied to establish the existence of solution of the modi ed problem. Finally the solution of the modi ed problem leads to the solution of the original problem. Moreover in therst part of the thesis the treatment of the many di erentrst-order and the second-order nonlinear BVPs are uni ed by developing the idea of coupled LUSs. Under this idea, some monotonicity assumptions are imposed on the arguments of the nonlinear BCs in the presence of the existence of a lower solution and an upper solution to unify the classical existence results for very important types of BVPs, like periodic, anti-periodic, Dirichlet, and Neumann. Several examples are discussed to support the theoretical results. The subject fractional calculus being a generalization of integer-order calculus has numerous applications in almost everyeld of science. Due to the intensive use of fractional order di erential problems (FODPs) in almost everyeld of science including, but not limited to, uid dynamics, physics, aerodynamics, chemistry, mathematical biology, image processing, and psychology, there is a strong motivation for the researchers to develop reliable and e cient numerical methods tond the approximate solutions of FODPs. xii xiii In the second part of the thesis, we consider a generalized class of multi{terms fractional order partial di erential equations (FOPDEs) and their coupled systems. We develop a new numerical method and generalize the corresponding Jacobi operational matrices of integrals and derivatives considered on a rectangular plane. By means of the operational matrices, the considered problem of fractional order is reduced to an algebraic one. Being easily solvable, the associated algebraic system leads tonding the solution of the considered problem of fractional order. Validity of the method is established by comparing our simulation results obtained by using MATLAB softwares with the exact solutions in the literature yielding negligible errors.