Individual and organizational effectiveness are broadly stated to be important factors for the success of any organization. The study examines the direct impact of five personality traits on individual effectiveness and the moderating role of electronic medical records between independent and dependent variables. The study also investigates the direct impact of organizational factors (top management support, organizational communication, training and development and IT competency) on individual/ organizational effectiveness and the moderating role of change management between independent and dependent variables. The population of the study consisted of medical doctors of different public and private hospitals of Pakistan. In total, 503 respondents were taken as sample size based on simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used for data collection by adopting the verified scales after establishing the reliability and validity of instruments. The descriptive statistics, correlation, linear and moderated regression analyses were deployed. The findings of the study indicated that agreeableness and conscientiousness had significant positive while neuroticism had significant negative impact on individual effectiveness. The results also supported the moderating role of electronic medical records between independent and dependent variables. All organizational factors had significant positive impact on organizational effectiveness whereas organizational communication and training & development had significant positive influence on individual effectiveness. The results also supported the moderating role of change management between independent and dependent variables. The current research is a valuable addition in the existing literature on personality traits, electronic medical records, organizational factors, change management, individual and organizational effectiveness. Further studies are recommended to focus on other theoretical models/methodologies to establish the results. Replication of the study in other organizations is also suggested.